Dataset Information

Endophyte-specific protection of Lolium perenne L. during rising CO2 conditions

ABSTRACT: Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is the most cultivated cool-season grass worldwide with crucial roles in carbon fixation and fodder for livestock. Protection of these grasses from biotic and abiotic factors are dictated through a mutually-beneficial relationship with endophytes that confer bioprotective properties. Common endophytes of the genus Epichloë promote the health and survival of cool-season forages greases and protect the plants from fluctuating environmental conditions. Climate change, and specifically, a steady increase in atmospheric CO2 levels, presents a dramatic and imminent threat faced by our ecosystem, which poses substantial pressures on plant health and survival. Defining the relationships between endophytes and the host plant may uncover mechanisms of bioprotection, which can be exploited to promote adaptable plant systems in rising CO2 conditions. In this study, we quantify changes in biomass and seed production of L. perenne L. at 400 and 800 ppm CO2 and identify endophyte-specific changes in metabolite production. Additionally, we discover protein-level changes from both the endophyte and plant perspectives, which underscore the compatible relationship between a common, natural endophyte and L. perenne L., compared to an incompatible and detrimental relationship the epichloid strain, AR1. Taken together, our data set provides new understanding into the intricacy of compatibility between endophyte and host from multiple molecular levels and suggests opportunity to promote plant robustness and survivability in rising CO2 environmental conditions through application of bioprotective epichloid strains.

INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Fusion Lumos

ORGANISM(S): Epichloe Festucae E2368 Lolium Perenne Subsp. Perenne

TISSUE(S): Pseudostem, Leaf

SUBMITTER: Jennifer Geddes-McAlister

LAB HEAD: Jennifer Geddes-McAlister

PROVIDER: PXD017961 | Pride | 2021-02-12

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Project description:• Reference to published study making use of this data: • Cseke LJ, Tsai C-J, Rogers A, Nelsen MP, White HL, Karnosky DF, Podila GK. (2009) Transcriptomic comparison in the leaves of two aspen genotypes having similar carbon assimilation rates but different allocation patterns under elevated CO2. New Phytologist. submitted. • This study compared the leaf transcription profiles, physiological characteristics, and primary metabolites of two Populus tremuloides genotypes (clones 216 and 271) known to differ in their responses to long-term elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) at the Aspen FACE site near Rhinelander, WI. • Physiological responses of these clones are similar in photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and leaf area index under e[CO2] yet very different in growth enhancement (0-10% in clone 216; 40-50% in clone 271). While few genes responded to long-term exposure to e[CO2], the transcriptional activity of leaf e[CO2]-responsive genes was distinctly different between the clones, differentially impacting multiple pathways during both early and late growing seasons. • Analysis of transcript abundance and carbon/nitrogen biochemistry suggests that the CO2-responsive clone (271) partitions C into pathways associated with active defense/response to stress, carbohydrate/starch biosynthesis and subsequent growth. The CO2-unresponsive clone (216) partitions C into pathways associated with passive defense (e.g. lignin, phenylpropanoid) and cell wall thickening. • This study indicates that there is significant variation in expression patterns between different tree genotypes in response to long-term exposure to e[CO2]. Consequently, future efforts to improve productivity or other advantageous traits for carbon sequestration should include an examination of genetic variability in CO2 responsiveness. Keywords: Tree genotype comparison under elevated [CO2] 24 two-channel arrays, directly comparing RNA from trees grown in the ambient (control) [CO2] to RNA derived from the same genotype grown under e[CO2]. For each of 4 experimental conditions (clone 216 early season; clone 271 early season; clone 216 late season; clone 271 late season), three independent biological replicates derived from trees grown in three independent replicate FACE rings were used. In addition, each clone and time point included dye swap reciprocal two-color experiments for each biological replicate. Thus, six data points per cDNA are included (three biological replicates with two technical replicates each).

Project description:Over recent decades the progression of natural autumnal senescence has been increasingly delayed across wide areas of the Northern Hemisphere and is thought to be caused by rising temperature. Recently this delay has been shown to be partly attributable to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [CO2]. Here, for the first time, we present a possible mechanistic explanation for this phenomenon. Using a plantation of Populus x euramericana grown at elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) using Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) technology, we investigated the molecular and biochemical basis underlying this response. Using a poplar cDNA microarray where late growing season and senescing leaves from ambient [CO2] (a[CO2]) and e[CO2] were compared, revealed unique increases and decreases in transcript abundance in the e[CO2] treatment. Growth at e[CO2]caused the greatest increase in the abundance of transcripts catalysing steps in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and an increase in leaf anthocyanin content. Leaf sucrose and starch content were also increased during senescence in e[CO2] and associated with a higher abundance of transcripts in the sucrose and starch biosynthetic pathways. We propose that in e[CO2], autumnal photosynthesis and sugar accumulation results in changes in genes expression that include further investment in secondary carbon metabolism leading to anthocyanin production. This enables prolonged leaf longevity during natural autumnal senescence through increased availability of carbon and improved stress tolerance while in contrast this may also have a negative effect on the control of dormancy. Samples GSM398292..GSM398314 (late senescence samples only): Six replicate trees were labelled in the unfertilised sub-plots of plots 1-4 in the POP/EUROFACE site (http://www.unitus.it/euroface/) and the 10th leaf down from the closed apical bud of the dominant branch were labelled. Leaves were sampled to liquid nitrogen (18th October 2004) and stored at -80 oC. Extracted RNA was tested for quality and quantity and of that passing the test equal quantities of RNA from each replicate were taken and each sample from the control plots (plots 2 and 3) were randomly paired with a sample from and elevated CO2 plot (plots 1 and 4). From the resulting 9 dual channel hybridisations 6 had the control sample in the Cy3 channel and 3 had the elevated CO2 sample in the Cy3 channel. The 6 samples with Cydye orientation as Cy3=control (ambient CO2) and Cy5 = treated (elevated CO2) are as follows: GSM398296, GSM398301, GSM398303, GSM398304, GSM398305 and GSM398306. The 3 samples with dye swap i.e Cy3 = treated (elevated CO2) are as follows and Cy5 = control (ambient CO2) are as follows: GSM398292, GSM398313 and GSM398314. Samples GSM398426..GSM398474: Four replicate leaves per sub-plot were sampled and flash frozen into liquid nitrogen, on 31 August 2004, and prior to visible senescence but around the time of bud-set as given by Calfapietra et al., (2003) [1]. The tenth leaf down the dominant stem (which represented the first fully expanded mature leaf of maximum size) from a reference leaf of 30 mm in length (leaf one) were selected. On the 14th September twenty trees from within each experimental plot were taken. The tenth leaf down the dominant stem (which represented the first fully expanded mature leaf of maximum size) from a reference leaf of 30 mm in length (leaf one) were labelled on the main-stem above the petiole. All labelled leaves were a uniform height (approx 0.3 m) from the canopy top across all treatments and not shaded by the canopy. Four replicate leaves from within each sub-plot were sampled during each harvest (except on 18th October when six replicate leaves were sampled). Each sampling time was restricted to two hours within the same day and across sampling day’s uniform cloud free skies were chosen. September samplings took place between 15.00 and 17.00 when climatic variables were generally consistent; later in the season time of sampling was adjusted to an earlier two hour period after mid-day when climatic variables were generally consistent. A chlorotic canopy was evident in plots five and six, as described by Liberloo et al. (2007) therefore any subsequent analysis was for plots one to four only. Six replicate labelled leaves were sampled (as above) from each sub-plot on 18th October 2004

Project description:Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana to a combination of heatwave and drought under ambient and elevated CO2. Goal of this study was elucidate the transcriptional responses to a combination of heat wave and drought, and to see how these responses are modifed under future climate (high) CO2. Climate changes increasingly threaten plant growth and productivity. Such changes are complex and involve multiple environmental factors, including rising CO2 levels and climate extreme events. As the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying plant responses to realistic future climate extreme conditions are still poorly understood, a multiple organizational level-analysis (i.e. eco-physiological, biochemical and transcriptional) was performed, using Arabidopsis exposed to incremental heat wave and water deficit under elevated CO2.The climate extreme resulted in biomass reduction, photosynthesis inhibition, and considerable increases in stress parameters. Photosynthesis was a major target as demonstrated at the physiological and transcriptional levels. In contrast, the climate extreme treatment induced a protective effect on oxidative membrane damage, most likely as a result of strongly increased lipophilic antioxidants and membrane-protecting enzymes. Elevated CO2 significantly mitigated the negative impact of a combined heat and drought, as apparent in biomass reduction, photosynthesis inhibition, chlorophyll fluorescence decline, H2O2 production and protein oxidation. Analysis of enzymatic and molecular antioxidants revealed that the stress-mitigating CO2 effect operates through up-regulation of antioxidant defense metabolism, as well as by reduced photorespiration resulting in lowered oxidative pressure. Therefore, exposure to future climate extreme episodes will negatively impact plant growth and production, but elevated CO2 is likely to mitigate this effect. Transcriptome analysis was performed by Agilent Arabidopsis (V4) 4x44K platform which represented all known genes in the Arabidopsisgenome. Experiments were performed using a modified loop design (Knapen et al., 2009). This design consisted of total 8 arrays; sample from each treatment was labelled once and has 4 biological replicates, two of which were labelled in red and two in green

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Endophyte-specific protection of Lolium perenne L. during rising CO2 conditions

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