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Combinatorial high throughput drug screening identifies a synergistic drug interaction that sensitizes mesenchymal pancreatic cancer to immune checkpoint blockade

ABSTRACT: KRAS-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly immunosuppressive and resistant to targeted therapies, immune checkpoint blockade and engineered T cells. Here, we performed a systematic high throughput combinatorial drug screen and identified a synergistic interaction between the MEK inhibitor trametinib and the multi-kinase inhibitor nintedanib. This interaction targets KRAS-directed oncogenic signaling in the aggressive and therapy resistant non-glandular mesenchymal subtype of PDAC, driven by an allelic imbalance, increased gene-dosage and expression of oncogenic KRAS. Mechanistically, the combinatorial treatment induces cell cycle arrest and cell death and initiates an interferon response. Using single cell RNA sequencing and immunophenotyping, we show that the combination therapy reprograms the immunosuppressive microenvironment and primes cytotoxic and memory T cells to infiltrate the tumors, thereby sensitizing mesenchymal PDAC to PD-L1 inhibition. This work opens new avenues to target the therapy refractory mesenchymal PDAC subtype.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive HF-X

ORGANISM(S): Mus Musculus (mouse)

TISSUE(S): Permanent Cell Line Cell, Cell Culture

DISEASE(S): Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma

SUBMITTER: Julia Woortman

LAB HEAD: Bernhard Kuster

PROVIDER: PXD023267 | Pride | 2022-02-23

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Combinatorial high throughput drug screening identifies a synergistic drug interaction that sensitizes mesenchymal pancreatic cancer to immune checkpoint blockade

Project description:KRAS-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly immunosuppressive and resistant to targeted therapies, immune checkpoint blockade and engineered T cells. Here, we performed a systematic high throughput combinatorial drug screen and identified a synergistic interaction between the MEK inhibitor trametinib and the multi-kinase inhibitor nintedanib. This interaction targets KRAS-directed oncogenic signaling in the aggressive and therapy resistant non-glandular mesenchymal subtype of PDAC, driven by an allelic imbalance, increased gene-dosage and expression of oncogenic KRAS. Mechanistically, the combinatorial treatment induces cell cycle arrest and cell death and initiates an interferon response. Using single cell RNA sequencing and immunophenotyping, we show that the combination therapy reprograms the immunosuppressive microenvironment and primes cytotoxic and memory T cells to infiltrate the tumors, thereby sensitizing mesenchymal PDAC to PD-L1 inhibition. This work opens new avenues to target the therapy refractory mesenchymal PDAC subtype.

2022-02-11 | PXD027877 | Pride

RNA-seq of pancreatic mouse tumor cell lines

2021-11-29 | E-MTAB-11187 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Single cell RNA-seq of pancreatic mouse tumors upon treatment

2021-11-13 | E-MTAB-9954 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Global mRNA expression profiling of murine primary PDAC cells following JQ1 or SAHA monotherapy as well as JQ1-SAHA combination therapy

Project description:Global mRNA expression profiles of murine primary PDAC cells following JQ1 or SAHA monotherapy as well as JQ1-SAHA combination therapy were collected using Affymetix mouse whole genome array (Mouse Genome 430A 2.0 Array) . Primary PDAC cells isolated from Ptf1aCre/+;Kras+/LSL-G12D;p53lox/lox (Kras;p53) mice were treated either with JQ1 (100 nM) or SAHA (2000 nM) or vehicle 10% (2-Hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (Sigma-Aldrich) or as combination therapy with the indicated dosage for monotherapy. Total RNA isolation was performed after 6 hours of treatment. Primary PDAC cells from Ptf1aCre/+;Kras+/LSL-G12D;p53lox/lox (Kras;p53) mice treated either with JQ1, SAHA, vehicle or JQ1-SAHA combination were analyzed by global gene expression analysis.

2015-09-20 | E-GEOD-64836 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Kinobead profiling of PITCOINs1-3

Project description:Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase type 2a (PI3KC2a) and related class II PI 3-kinase isoforms are of rising biomedical interest because of their crucial roles in endocytic membrane dynamics, cell division and signalling, angiogenesis, and platelet morphology and function. Herein we report the development and characterization of PITCOINs, potent and highly selective small molecule inhibitors of PI3KC2 catalytic activity. PITCOIN compounds exhibit strong selectivity towards PI3KC2 due to their unique mode of interaction with the ATP binding site of the enzyme. We demonstrate that acute inhibition of PI3KC2-mediated synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphates by PITCOINs impairs endocytic membrane dynamics and membrane remodelling during platelet-dependent thrombus formation. To our knowledge PITCOINs are the first potent and selective cell permeable inhibitors of PI3KC2a function with potential biomedical applications ranging from thrombosis to diabetes and cancer.

2022-08-24 | PXD032284 | Pride

Defining the landscape of EPHA2 Inhibition by Clinical Kinase Inhibitors

Project description:The receptor tyrosine kinase EPHA2 plays important roles in oncogenesis, metastasis and treatment resistance but therapeutic targeting, drug discovery or investigation of EPHA2 biology is hampered by the lack of appropriate inhibitors and structural information on how these interact with the protein. Here, we used chemical proteomics to survey 235 clinical kinase inhibitors and identified 24 with sub-micromolar potency for EPHA2. We generated nine high resolution co-crystal structures to identify drug-protein interactions at the atomic level. The combination of compound selectivity, structure determinantion and kinome-wide sequence alignment allowed us to develop a classification system in which amino acids in the drug binding site are categorized into key, scaffold, potency and selectivity residues. This scheme should be generally applicable in kinase drug discovery and we anticipate that the provided information will greatly facilitate the development of selective EPHA2 inhibitors in particular and the repurposing of clinical kinase inhibitors in general.

2016-12-23 | PXD004112 | Pride

Chemoproteomic selectivity profiling of PIKK and PI3K kinase inhibitors

Project description:"Here, we report the development of a novel version of Kinobeads that extends kinome coverage to PIKK and PI3K kinases. This is achieved by inclusion of two affinity probes derived from the clinical PI3K/MTOR inhibitors Omipalisib and BGT226. The new affinity matrix was used to profile 13 clinical and pre-clinical PIKK/PI3K inhibitors. The large discrepancies between the PI3K affinity values obtained and reported results from recombinant assays led us to perform a phosphoproteomic experiment showing that the chemoproteomic assay is the better approximation of PI3K inhibitor action in-vivo."

2019-03-29 | PXD011719 | Pride

SETD5-coordinated chromatin reprogramming regulates adaptive resistance to targeted pancreatic cancer therapy

Project description:Oncogenic KRAS signaling is a hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a lethal malignancy with few treatment options. A major roadblock in deploying therapies targeting the KRAS-MAPK pathway is the rapid emergence of resistant cancer cells. However, molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive targeted therapy resistance in PDAC are poorly understood. Here we find SETD5 (SET domain containing 5) as a major epigenetic driver of PDAC resistance to MEK1/2 inhibition (MEKi). SETD5 is identified in a genetic screen of annotated methyltransferases that mediate MEKi toxicity in PDAC cells. SETD5 expression is induced upon PDAC cells and tumors acquring MEKi-resistance and SETD5 deletion restores vulnerability of refractory PDAC to MEKi therapy in mouse models and patient-derived xenografts (PDX). SETD5 lacks intrinsic histone methyltransferase activity and rather scaffolds a distinct corepressor complex that regulates HDAC3 and G9a catalytic behaviors to couple selective deacetylation with methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9). Gene silencing by the SETD5 complex regulates a network of known drug resistance pathways to reprogram cellular responses to MEKi, a resistance program disrupted by G9a and HDAC3 blockade. Combinatorial pharmacological targeting of MEK1/2, G9a, and HDAC3 results in sustained tumor growth inhibition in murine and human models of PDAC. Together, our work uncovers SETD5 as a master epigenetic regulator of acquired MAPK-pathway therapy resistance and suggests an efficacious clinical path for MEKi in PDAC.

2020-05-06 | GSE142046 | GEO

Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals subtype-specific clonal evolution and microenvironmental changes in liver metastasis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and their clinical implications

Project description:Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) and tumor microenvironment (TME) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) play important roles in tumor evolution and patient outcomes. However, the precise characterization of diverse cell populations and their crosstalk associated with PDAC progression and metastasis is still challenging. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of treatment-naive primary PDAC samples with and without paired liver metastasis samples to understand the interplay between ITH and TME in the PDAC evolution and its clinical associations. scRNA-seq analysis revealed that even a small proportion (~30%) of basal-like malignant ductal cells could lead to poor chemotherapy response and patient survival and that epithelial-mesenchymal transition programs were largely subtype-specific. The clonal homogeneity significantly increased with more prevalent and pronounced copy number gains of oncogenes, such as KRAS and ETV1, and losses of tumor suppressor genes, such as SMAD2 and MAP2K4, along PDAC progression and metastasis. Moreover, diverse immune cell populations, including naive SELLhi regulatory T cells (Tregs) and activated TIGIThi Tregs, contributed to shaping immunosuppressive TMEs of PDAC through cellular interactions with malignant ductal cells in PDAC evolution. Importantly, the proportion of basal-like ductal cells negatively correlated with that of immunoreactive cell populations, such as cytotoxic T cells, but positively correlated with that of immunosuppressive cell populations, such as Tregs. We uncover that the proportion of basal-like subtype is a determinant for chemotherapy response and patient outcome, and that PDAC clonally evolves with subtype-specific dosage changes of cancer-associated genes by forming immunosuppressive microenvironments in its progression and metastasis.

2024-04-25 | GSE263733 | GEO

Global Proteome Analysis of the NCI-60 Cell Line Panel

Project description:The NCI-60 cell line collection is a very widely used panel for the study of cellular mechanisms of cancer in general and in vitro drug action in particular. It is a model system for the tissue types and genetic diversity of human cancers and has been extensively molecularly characterized. Here, we present a quantitative proteome and kinome profile of the NCI-60 panel covering, in total, 10,350 proteins (including 375 protein kinases) and including a core cancer proteome of 5,578 proteins that were consistently quantified across all tissue types. Bioinformatic analysis revealed strong cell line clusters according to tissue type and disclosed hundreds of differentially regulated proteins representing potential biomarkers for numerous tumor properties. Integration with public transcriptome data showed considerable similarity between mRNA and protein expression. Modeling of proteome and drug-response profiles for 108 FDA-approved drugs identified known and potential protein markers for drug sensitivity and resistance. To enable community access to this unique resource, we incorporated it into a public database for comparative and integrative analysis (http://wzw.tum.de/proteomics/nci60).

2017-03-31 | PXD005940 | Pride

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