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Drosophila nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits and their native interactions with insecticidal peptide toxins

ABSTRACT: Description Drosophila melanogaster nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that present a target for insecticides. However, a better understanding of in vioreceptor subunit composition is needed for effective design of insecticides. Alpha-neurotxins are known as peptide toxins capable to block nAChRs by binding to its target subunits. To facilitate the analysis of nAChRs we used a CRISPR/Cas9 strategy to generate null alleles for all ten nAChR subunit genes. We studied interactions of nAChRs to a snake toxin by using styrene maleic acid lipid particles (SMALPs) extraction method. For the null alleles which are impaired in locomotor activities we examined the binding of nAChRs incorporated into SMALPs to alpha bungarotoxin by employing mass spectrometry. We show native ligand interactions to Dalpha5, Dalpha6 and Dalpha7 subunits and reveal glycosylation sites of Dalpha5 and Dalpha7 by a glycoproteomic approach. Finally, we report the localization of fluorescent tagged Dalpha6 across nervous system development

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive

ORGANISM(S): Drosophila Melanogaster (fruit Fly)

TISSUE(S): Brain

SUBMITTER: Kathryn Lilley

LAB HEAD: Kathryn S. Lilley

PROVIDER: PXD028484 | Pride | 2021-10-11

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Project description:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as an important mechanism for cell-cell interactions. Their role in fungi is still poorly understood and they have been isolated from only a handful of species. Here, we isolated and characterized EVs from Aureobasidium pullulans, a biotechnologically important black yeast-like fungus that is increasingly used for biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. After optimization of the isolation protocol, characterization of EVs from A. pullulans by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed a typical cup-shaped morphology and different subpopulations of EVs. These results were confirmed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), which revealed that A. pullulans produced 6.1 × 10^8 nanoparticles per milliliter of culture medium. Proteomic analysis of EVs detected 642 proteins. A small fraction of them had signal peptides for secretion and transmembrane domains. Proteins characteristic of different synthesis pathways were found, suggesting that EVs are synthesized by multiple pathways in A. pullulans. Enrichment analysis using Gene Ontology showed that most of the proteins found in the EVs were associated with primary metabolism. When sequencing the small RNA fraction of A. pullulans EVs, we found two hypothetical novel mil-RNAs. Finally, we tested the biocontrol potential of EVs from A. pullulans. The EVs did not inhibit the germination of spores of three important phytopathogenic fungi – Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, and Penicillium expansum. However, exposure of grown cultures of C. acutatum and P. expansum to A. pullulans EVs resulted in visible changes in morphology of colonies. These preliminary results suggest that EVs may be part of the antagonistic activity of A. pullulans, which is so far only partially understood. Thus, the first isolation and characterization of EVs from A. pullulans provides a starting point for further studies of EVs in the biotechnologically important traits of the biocontrol black fungus A. pullulans in particular and in the biological role of fungal EVs in general.

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Drosophila nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits and their native interactions with insecticidal peptide toxins

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