Dataset Information

Characterization of Xanthomonas effector protein XopL

ABSTRACT: Beyond its role in intracellular degradation, autophagy is considered to play anti- and pro-microbial roles in host-microbe interactions, in both animals and plants. One of the prominent roles of anti-microbial autophagy in animals is to degrade intracellular pathogens or microbial molecules, in a process termed "xenophagy". Consequently, microbes evolved mechanisms to hijack or modulate autophagy to escape elimination. The role of xenophagy and its contribution in plant-bacteria interactions still remain unknown. Here, we provide evidence that NBR1/Joka2-dependent selective autophagy functions in plant defence by degrading the bacterial type-III effector (T3E) XopL from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv). We further describe how XopL associates with the autophagy machinery, undergoes self-ubiquitination and in planta ubiquitination triggering its degradation by the NBR1/Joka2 selective autophagy pathway. However, Xcv is also able to suppress autophagy in a T3E-dependent manner by utilizing the same T3E XopL that interacts and degrades the autophagy component SH3P2 via its E3 ligase activity. Through the degradation of SH3P2 and inhibition of autophagy, XopL is able to escape its own degradation to promote pathogenicity of Xcv. Together, we reveal a novel phenomenon how the NBR1/Joka2 contributes to anti-microbial autophagy that we termed "effectorphagy". We provide a unique mechanism how a T3E undergoes self-modification to act as a bait to trap host cellular degradation machineries.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive

ORGANISM(S): Nicotiana Benthamiana

TISSUE(S): Leaf

SUBMITTER: Mirita Franz-Wachtel

LAB HEAD: Suayb Üstün

PROVIDER: PXD032366 | Pride | 2022-08-12

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Publications

A bacterial effector counteracts host autophagy by promoting degradation of an autophagy component.

Leong Jia Xuan JX Raffeiner Margot M Spinti Daniela D Langin Gautier G Franz-Wachtel Mirita M Guzman Andrew R AR Kim Jung-Gun JG Pandey Pooja P Minina Alyona E AE Macek Boris B Hafrén Anders A Bozkurt Tolga O TO Mudgett Mary Beth MB Börnke Frederik F Hofius Daniel D Üstün Suayib S

The EMBO journal 20220527 13

Beyond its role in cellular homeostasis, autophagy plays anti- and promicrobial roles in host-microbe interactions, both in animals and plants. One prominent role of antimicrobial autophagy is to degrade intracellular pathogens or microbial molecules, in a process termed xenophagy. Consequently, microbes evolved mechanisms to hijack or modulate autophagy to escape elimination. Although well-described in animals, the extent to which xenophagy contributes to plant-bacteria interactions remains unk ...[more]

PMID: 35620914

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Project description:Autophagy involvement in plant response to nitrogen, carbon and sulfur starvation was already reported, however the mechanisms responsible for its regulation and selectivity in such conditions were not yet investigated. We observed increased amounts of NBR1 transcript in plants exposed to sulfur deficit as compared to the control plants grown in nutrient sufficient conditions. This observation prompted us to investigate the role of this selective autophagy cargo receptor in plant response to sulfur deficit. Transcriptome analysis of the wild type and NBR overexpressing plants revealed differences in gene expression changes in response to sulfur deficit. Moreover, NBR1 overexpressors have significantly shorter roots than WT, when grown in nutrient deficient conditions in the presence of TOR kinase inhibitors, namely in the conditions leading to autophagy induction. Besides, NBR1 overexpression promoted stomata closure while NBR1 depletion stomata opening. Surprisingly, all lines had more closed stomata when grown in sulfur deficient than sulfur optimal conditions, what indicates that this effect is independent from NBR1. Similarly, ABA-dependent stomatal closure was independent from NBR1 and growth conditions. Cysteine also promoted stomatal closure in NBR1-independent way in plants grown in the optimal medium but in contrast, reduced the number of open stomata in plants from sulfur deficient medium. Interaction network analysis of the proteins co-purifying with NBR1 revealed links with proteins involved in degradation systems, and endosomal trafficking and a surprizing connection with nuclear transport. In addition, several proteins co-purifying with NBR1 were found only in sulfur deficient conditions. One of them, ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) was further confirmed as a direct NBR1 interactor. Localization of the RPS6 interaction sites in NBR1 indicated that ubiquitin binding domain of NBR1 is not required for this interaction what means that it is rather not the classical “ubiquitinated target - autophagy receptor” interaction.

Dataset Information

Characterization of Xanthomonas effector protein XopL

Publications

A bacterial effector counteracts host autophagy by promoting degradation of an autophagy component.

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