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Placental macrophage (Hofbauer cell) response to viral and bacterial ligands is influenced by fetal sex

ABSTRACT: Bacterial and viral infections of the placenta are associated with inflammation and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are specialised fetal-origin macrophages in the placental villi and are proposed to protect the fetus from vertical transmission of pathogens; however, they are poorly understood. Here, we have performed quantitative proteomics on term HBCs under resting conditions and following exposure to bacterial and viral pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and investigated the contribution of fetal sex to these responses. Resting HBCs expressed a plethora of proteins pertinent to macrophage function, including chemokines, cytokines, Toll-like receptors, and classical and non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules. HBCs mounted divergent responses to bacterial versus viral PAMPs but exhibited protein expression changes suggestive of a switch towards a more pro-inflammatory phenotype. A comparison between male and female HBCs, showed that the latter mounted a much stronger and wider response. Sexual dimorphism in HBCs was primarily associated with lipid metabolism in males and cytoskeleton organisation in females. We provide a novel and comprehensive understanding regarding the phenotype of term placental macrophages and their sex-dependent responses to infectious triggers.

INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Fusion Lumos

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Placenta, Macrophage

SUBMITTER: Paschalia Pantazi

LAB HEAD: Beth Holder

PROVIDER: PXD033006 | Pride | 2022-10-31

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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