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Highly Active CAR T Cells that Bind to a Juxta-Membrane Region of Mesothelin and are Not Blocked by Shed Mesothelin

ABSTRACT: Identification of the major protease sites in MSLN and preparation of a monoclonal antibody, 15B6, that binds next to cell membrane at the protease sensitive region and inhibits MSLN shedding. Mab 15B6 makes very active CAR-T cells whose activity is not blocked by shed MSLN. The 15B6 CAR-T cells have greatly superior anti-tumor activity in mice than CAR-T cells targeting an epitope in shed MSLN.

INSTRUMENT(S):

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Blood Plasma, Epithelial Cell, Cell Culture

DISEASE(S): Malignant Neoplasm Of Ovary

SUBMITTER: Asif Shajahan

LAB HEAD: Parastoo Azadi

PROVIDER: PXD033137 | Pride | 2022-04-13

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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			Action	DRS
	Mesothelin_A431_H9_Fr2_TrpDig_1a.raw	Raw
	Mesothelin_Ascites_Sample823_Fr2_TrpDig_1a.raw	Raw
	Mesothelin_Ascites_Sample823_Fr2_TrpDig_1a.zip	Other
	Mesothelin_Ascites_Sample823_Fr3_TrpDig_1a.raw	Raw
	Mesothelin_Ascites_Sample823_Fr3_TrpDig_1a.zip	Other

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Excess shed mesothelin disrupts pancreatic cancer cell clustering to impair peritoneal colonization

Project description:Peritoneum is the second most common site of metastasis in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Peritoneal colonization is impaired in PDAC cells with knock-out (KO) of the cancer surface antigen mesothelin (MSLN) or by introducing Y318A mutation in MSLN to prevent binding to mucin-16 (MUC-16). MSLN has a membrane-bound form but is also shed to release soluble MSLN (sMSLN). Their individual roles in peritoneal metastasis are unknown. Here, a C-terminal truncated MSLN mutant (∆591) incapable of cell membrane insertion but proficient in secretion was engineered. Expression of ∆591 MSLN failed to rescue peritoneal metastasis in MSLN KO cells and inhibited peritoneal colonization when overexpressed in WT PDAC cells. Exposing PDAC cells to conditioned medium (CM) containing excess sMSLN impaired cancer cell clustering in vitro and in peritoneal fluid in vivo, while CM containing only Y318A sMSLN did not. These data demonstrate that interaction of membrane-bound MSLN with MUC-16 promotes cell clustering that is critical for efficient peritoneal metastasis. However, peritoneal colonization by MSLN KO cells was rescued by expression of ∆591 mutant MSLN bearing Y318A mutation, suggesting that sMSLN also has a MUC-16-independent role in peritoneal spread. Alterations in inflammatory signaling pathways occurred following KO cell exposure to CM containing sMSLN, and CM from cancer cells with intact peritoneal metastasis provoked increased KO cell secretion of IL-1α. While excess sMSLN inhibits cell clustering and peritoneal colonization, sMSLN may also promote PDAC peritoneal metastasis independent of MUC-16.

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Multiple proteases are involved in mesothelin shedding by cancer cells

Project description:Mesothelin (MSLN) is a lineage restricted cell surface protein expressed in about 30% of human cancers and high MSLN expression is associated with poor survival in several different cancers1-4. The restricted expression of MSLN in normal tissue and its frequent expression in cancers make MSLN an excellent target for antibody-based therapies. Many clinical trials with agents targeting MSLN have been carried out but to date none of these agents have produced enough responses to obtain FDA approval4. MSLN shedding is an important factor that may contribute to the failure of these therapies, because shed MSLN acts as a decoy receptor and allows release of antibodies bound to cell-surface MSLN5,6. We have investigated the mechanism of shedding and show here that members of the ADAM, MMP and BACE families of proteases all participate in shedding, that more than one protease can produce shedding in the same cell, and that inhibition of shedding greatly enhances killing of cells by an immunotoxin targeting MSLN. Our data indicates that controlling MSLN shedding could greatly increase the activity of therapies that target MSLN.

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Project description:SignificanceMesothelin (MSLN) is a cell-surface protein that is a popular target for antibody-based therapies. We have identified shed MSLN as a major obstacle to successful antibody therapies and prepared a monoclonal antibody that inhibits shedding and makes very active CAR T cells whose activity is not blocked by shed MSLN and merits further preclinical development.

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Low serum mesothelin in pancreatic cancer patients results from retention of shed mesothelin in the tumor microenvironment.

Project description:Mesothelin (MSLN) is overexpressed by many cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and has consequently become a target for anti-cancer therapeutics. Mature, membrane bound MSLN is cleaved by proteases, releasing a shed form that transits to the circulation. Many patients with mesothelioma and ovarian cancer have abnormally high serum MSLN concentration. However, serum MSLN concentration in PDAC patients rarely exceeds levels of healthy controls. Here, serum MSLN concentration in advanced PDAC patients was examined pre- and post-treatment. Serum MSLN did not correlate with tumor MSLN expression, nor with changes in tumor burden as assessed by PDAC serum tumor marker CA19-9. Subsequently, tumor-bearing mouse models were used to investigate the fate of shed MSLN in PDAC versus a control cervical cancer model. Efficiency of MSLN secretion into the serum was cell-line dependent. Tumors from some PDAC lines had poor MSLN secretion efficiency although these lines had similar or higher MSLN shedding rate, total and surface MSLN expression. Measurements of compartment-specific MSLN concentration taken at equilibrium suggested that tumors with poor MSLN secretion efficiency trapped shed MSLN in the tumor microenvironment (TME), a finding confirmed by dynamic experiments using a doxycycline-inducible MSLN expression system. Tumors with the poorest MSLN secretion efficiency had higher collagen density and increased abundance of MSLN binding partner MUC16. The tumor with the worst secretion efficiency could rebind shed MSLN to the cancer cell surface. Altogether, these data suggest that PDAC can trap shed MSLN within the TME. This finding has potential significance for design of MSLN-targeted therapeutics.

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