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The role of IRE1-XBP1 in RSV-mediated extracellular matrix production

ABSTRACT: This study is to examine the role of IRE1-XBP1 in regulation the activation of hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and N-glycosylation of extracellular matrix in RSV infection

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Epithelial Cell

DISEASE(S): Viral Pneumonia

SUBMITTER: Yingxin Zhao

LAB HEAD: Yingxin Zhao

PROVIDER: PXD034780 | Pride | 2022-10-14

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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The IRE1α-XBP1s Arm of the Unfolded Protein Response Activates N-Glycosylation to Remodel the Subepithelial Basement Membrane in Paramyxovirus Infection.

Zhao Yingxin Y Qiao Dianhua D Skibba Melissa M Brasier Allan R AR

International journal of molecular sciences 20220812 16

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) associated with decreased pulmonary function, asthma, and allergy. Recently, we demonstrated that RSV induces the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway via the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is a pathway controlling protein glycosylation and secretion of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Because the presence of matrix metalloproteinases and matricellular growth factors (TGF) is associated with severe LRTI, ...[more]

PMID: 36012265

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The role of RelA in RSV-mediated N-glycosylation

Project description:This study is to examine the role of RelA in regulation the activation of hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and N-glycosylation in RSV infection

2022-08-11 | PXD034013 | Pride

IRE1 inhibitor [RNA-seq]

Project description:The role of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the cellular innate response to RSV infection is not fully understood. To better the genomic targets for the IRE1-XBP1 pathway, RNA seq was conducted on RSV-infected small airway cells in the absence or presence of RSV infection and in the absence or presence of a selective IRE1a RNAse inhibitor. We identified expression changes in ~3.2K genes; of these, 279 required IRE1 and were enriched in IL-10 signaling and cytokine signaling pathways. These data indicate that IRE1a-XBP1s regulates genes important in epithelial mesenchymal transition, hexosamine biosynthesis and anti-viral signaling.

2023-04-30 | GSE228327 | GEO

XBP1s cutnrun

Project description:Epithelial mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) is a complex cellular reprogramming event that plays a major role in tissue homeostasis to infections and injury. Recently we elucidated a mechanism wherein the unfolded protein response (UPR) triggers EMP through the inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1α)–X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) axis, enhancing glucose shunting to protein N glycosylation producing ER stress. To better the genomic targets for the IRE1-XBP1 pathway that activate compensatory metabolic changes in EMP, we systematically identified the genomic XBP1 targets using Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) of a FLAG-epitope tagged XBP1 in RSV infection. CUT&RUN identified 7,086 enriched binding sites mapped to 4,827 genes; of these XBP1 binds to 2,119 sites within 1 kb of the transcription start sites. Interestingly, XBP1 binds to 322 superenhancers associated with RHO GTPase signaling that were associated with largely inert gene expression. By contrast, XBP1 binds to proximal promoters inducing coordinate mRNA expression of hexosamine biosynthetic enzymes encoding sequential steps in UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis through AGCTCA motifs. We demonstrate that IRE1-XBP1 signaling is necessary and sufficient to activate core HBP enzymatic pathway by recruiting transcriptional elongation-competent phospho-Ser2 CTD modified RNA Pol II (pSer-PolII).

2023-01-02 | GSE214786 | GEO

Natural killer cell proliferation requires canonical IRE1 function during viral infection (CITE-Seq)

Project description:The unfolded protein response (UPR) aims to restore ER homeostasis under conditions of high protein folding load, a function primarily serving secretory cells. Additional, non-canonical UPR functions have recently been unraveled in immune cells. We addressed the function of the inositol-requiring-enzyme 1 (IRE1) signaling branch of the UPR in NK cells in homeostasis and microbial challenge. Cell-intrinsic compound deficiency (DKO) of IRE1 and its downstream transcription factor XBP1 in NKp46 + NK cells, did not affect basal NK cell homeostasis, or overall outcome of viral MCMV infection. However, mixed bone marrow chimeras revealed a competitive advantage in the proliferation of IRE1 sufficient Ly49H + NK cells after viral infection. CITE-Seq analysis confirmed strong induction of IRE1 early upon infection, concomitant with the activation of a canonical UPR signature. Therefore, we conclude that cell-intrinsic IRE1/XBP1 activation is required for NK cell proliferation early upon viral infection, as part of a canonical UPR response.

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Natural killer cell proliferation requires canonical IRE1 function during viral infection (RNA-Seq)

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Expression data from human multiple myeloma cells with or without IRE1-XBP1 silencing

Project description:We used microarrays to develop gene signatures for XBP1 and IRE1 in myeloma cells to explore the role of this UPR/differentiation pathway in proteasome inhibitor resistance.

2013-03-09 | GSE44968 | GEO

RNA sequencing identifies novel regulated IRE1-dependent decay targets that affect multiple myeloma survival and proliferation

Project description:IRE1 is an unfolded protein response (UPR) sensor with kinase and endonuclease activity. It plays a central role in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response through unconventional splicing of XBP1 mRNA and regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD), which cleaves RNA at an XBP1-like consensus sequence (CUGCAG) accompanied by a stem-loop structure. MM cells are known to exhibit an elevated level of baseline ER stress, but RIDD activity has not been well studied in this disease. To investigate novel RIDD targets of possible relevance to the survival/proliferation of MM cells we combined in vitro cleavage assay with RNA sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis revealed hundreds of putative IRE1 substrates, 32 of which were chosen for validation. Looking into the secondary structure of IRE1 substrates, we found that the consensus sequences of IRF4, PRDM1, IKZF1, KLF13, NOTCH1, ATR, DICER, RICTOR, CDK12, FAM168B, and CENPF mRNAs were accompanied by a stem-loop structure essential for IRE1-mediated cleavage. We show that mRNA and protein levels corresponding to these targets were attenuated in an IRE1-dependent manner by treatment with ER-stress-inducing agents. Our results demonstrate for the first time that IRE1 is a key regulator of several proteins of importance in MM survival and proliferation.

2022-04-06 | GSE152070 | GEO

Stress-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of RtcB modulates IRE1 activity and signaling outputs.

Project description:Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress is a hallmark of various diseases, which is dealt with through the activation of an adaptive signaling pathway named the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). This response is mediated by three ER-resident sensors and the most evolutionary conserved, IRE1α signals through its cytosolic kinase and endoribonuclease (RNase) activities. IRE1α RNase activity can either catalyze the initial step of XBP1 mRNA unconventional splicing or degrade a number of RNAs through Regulated IRE1-Dependent Decay (RIDD). The balance between these two activities plays an instrumental role in cells’ life and death decisions upon ER stress. Until now, the biochemical and biological outputs of IRE1α RNase activity have been well documented, however, the precise mechanisms controlling whether IRE1 signaling is adaptive or pro-death (terminal) remain unclear. This prompted us to further investigate those mechanisms and we hypothesized that XBP1 mRNA splicing and RIDD activity could be co-regulated by the IRE1α RNase regulatory network. We showed that a key nexus in this pathway is the tRNA ligase RtcB which, together with IRE1α, is responsible for XBP1 mRNA splicing. We demonstrated that RtcB is tyrosine phosphorylated by c-Abl and dephosphorylated by PTP1B. Moreover, we identified RtcB Y306 as a key residue which, when phosphorylated, perturbs RtcB interaction with IRE1α, thereby attenuating XBP1 mRNA splicing and favoring RIDD. Our results demonstrate that the IRE1α RNase regulatory network is dynamically fine-tuned by tyrosine kinases and phosphatases upon various stresses and that the nature of the stress determines cell adaptive or death outputs.

2022-02-21 | PXD023433 | Pride

Expression data from human multiple myeloma cells with or without IRE1-XBP1 silencing

Project description:We used microarrays to develop gene signatures for XBP1 and IRE1 in myeloma cells to explore the role of this UPR/differentiation pathway in proteasome inhibitor resistance. RPMI-8226 and JJN3 human myeloma cells were infected with lentivirus expressing non-targeted (NT) shRNA, shIRE1 or shXBP1 and processed for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays. Cells without lentiviral infection were processed as controls for gene expression changes related to the cellular response to lentivirus.

2013-03-09 | E-GEOD-44968 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Bulk RNAseq of control, XBP1-deficient or XBP1/IRE1-deficient cDC1s from subcutaneous B16- melanoma bearing mice

Project description:The unfolded protein response (UPR) sensor IRE1 and its target, the transcription factor XBP1s critically regulate the function of dendritic cell (DC) subtypes. However, the contribution of the IRE1/XBP1s axis in DCs to the antitumor immunity is not entirely understood. Here, using reporter mice we found that DCs, in particular type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s), are major targets of IRE1 RNase activity in melanoma tumors. Deletion of XBP1s in CD11c+ cells resulted in augmented tumor growth, impaired effector T cell responses and decreased accumulation of TCF-1+CD8+ T cells with a precursor exhausted profile. Transcriptomic studies revealed that XBP1 deletion in tumor cDC1s induced regulated IRE1 dependent decay (RIDD) of mRNAs, which accounted for the dysregulated T cell immunity in melanoma. Thus, a strict regulatory circuit involving IRE1 RNase and XBP1s in DCs ensures optimal antitumor T cell immunity in melanoma models.

2023-05-26 | GSE195439 | GEO

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