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DNMT and HDAC inhibition induces immunogenic neoantigens from human endogenous retroviral element-derived transcripts

ABSTRACT: Immunotherapies targeting cancer-specific immunogenic neoantigens have revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients. Recent evidence suggests that epigenetic therapies could synergize with immunotherapies, mediating the de-repression of endogenous retroviral element (ERV)-encoded promoters, and the initiation of transcription. Here we use RNA sequencing from cancer cells treated with DNMT and/or HDAC inhibitors, to assemble a de novo transcriptome and identified 3,023 ERV-derived, treatment-induced novel polA+ transcripts (TINPATs), encoding for 61,426 novel open reading frames. We further demonstrate, using human leukocyte antigen immunopeptidomics, the existence of treatment-induced neoepitopes (t-neoepitopes) derived from TINPATs. We demonstrated the potential of the identified t-neoepitopes to elicit an immunogenic T-cell response and cancer cell killing. The presence of t-neoepitopes was further verified in AML patient samples 48 h and /96 h after in vivo treatment with the DNMT inhibitor Decitabine. Our findings highlight a novel mechanism of ERV-derived neoantigens in epigenetic and immune therapies.

INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Fusion, Q Exactive HF

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Epithelial Cell, Cell Culture

DISEASE(S): Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma

SUBMITTER: Dimitris Papageorgiou

LAB HEAD: Jeroen Krijgsveld

PROVIDER: PXD035748 | Pride | 2023-09-13

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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DNMT and HDAC inhibition induces immunogenic neoantigens from human endogenous retroviral element-derived transcripts

Project description:Immunotherapies targeting cancer-specific neoantigens have revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients. Recent evidence suggests that epigenetic therapies synergize with immunotherapies, mediated bythe de-repression of endogenous retroviral element (ERV)-encoded promoters, and the initiation of transcription. Here, we use deep RNA sequencing from cancer cell lines treated with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) and/or Histone deacetylase transferase inhibitors (HDACi), to assemble a de novo transcriptome and identified 3,023 ERV-derived, treatment-induced novel polyadenylated transcripts (TINPATs), encoding for 61,426 open reading frames. Using Immunopeptidomics, we further demonstrate the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) presentation of treatment-induced neoepitopes (t-neoepitopes) derived from TINPATs. We illustrate the potential of the identified t-neoepitopes to elicit a T-cell response and cancer cell killing. The presence of t-neoepitopes was further verified in AML patient samples 48/96 h after in vivo treatment with the DNMT inhibitor Decitabine. Our findings highlight a novel mechanism of ERV-derived neoantigens in epigenetic and immune therapies.

2023-08-18 | PXD035750 | Pride

Discovery of prevalent, clinically actionable tumor neoepitopes via integrated biochemical and cell-based platforms

Project description:Strategies for maximizing the potency and specificity of cancer immunotherapies have sparked efforts to identify recurrent epitopes presented in the context of defined tumor-associated neoantigens. Discovering these neoepitopes can be difficult owing to the limited number of peptides that arise from a single point mutation, a low number of copies presented on the cell surface, and variable binding specificity of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I complex. Due to these limitations, many discovery efforts focus on identifying neoepitopes from a small number of cancer neoantigens in the context of few HLA alleles. Here we describe a systematic workflow to characterize binding and presentation of neoepitopes derived from 47 shared cancer neoantigens in the context of 15 HLA alleles. Through the development of a high-throughput neoepitope-HLA binding assay, we surveyed 24,149 candidate neoepitope-HLA combinations resulting in 587 stable complexes. These data were supplemented by computational prediction that identified an additional 257 neoepitope-HLA pairs, resulting in a total of 844 unique combinations. We used these results to build sensitive targeted mass spectrometry assays to validate neoepitope presentation on a panel of HLA-I monoallelic cell lines engineered to express neoantigens of interest as a single polypeptide. Altogether, our analyses detected 84 unique neoepitope-HLA pairs derived from 37 shared cancer neoantigens and presented across 12 HLA alleles. We subsequently identified multiple TCRs which specifically recognized two of these neoantigen-HLA combinations. Finally, these novel TCRs were utilized to elicit a T cell response suggesting that these neoepitopes are likely to be immunogenic. Together these data represent a validated, extensive resource of therapeutically relevant neoepitopes and the HLA context in which they can be targeted.

| MSV000090323 | MassIVE

Pharmacologic modulation of RNA splicing enhances anti-tumor immunity.

Project description:Although mutations in DNA are the best-studied source of neoantigens that determine response to immune checkpoint blockade, alterations in RNA splicing within cancer cells could similarly result in neoepitope production. However, the endogenous antigenicity and clinical potential of such splicing-derived epitopes have not been tested. Here, we demonstrate that pharmacologic modulation of splicing via specific drug classes generates bona fide neoantigens and elicits anti-tumor immunity, augmenting checkpoint immunotherapy. Splicing modulation inhibited tumor growth and enhanced checkpoint blockade in a manner dependent on host T cells and peptides presented on tumor MHC class I. Splicing modulation induced stereotyped splicing changes across tumor types, altering the MHC I-bound immunopeptidome to yield splicing-derived neoepitopes that trigger an anti-tumor T cell response in vivo. These data definitively identify splicing modulation as an untapped source of immunogenic peptides and provide a means to enhance response to checkpoint blockade that is readily translatable to the clinic.

2021-06-30 | GSE162818 | GEO

Eum2

Project description:The low immunogenicity of many cancer cells and the immunosuppression by various cancers and anti-cancer therapies have been an obstacle in the development of efficacious immunotherapies. Our goal was to test if TLR agonists and anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents synergize in rendering tumor cells more immunogenic.

2014-03-01 | E-MTAB-2164 | biostudies-arrayexpress

WGS for B16-OVA and 4T1 murine cancer cell lines

Project description:Whole Genome Sequencing of the murine breast cancer cell line 4T1 and of the murine melanoma cell line B16-ova was carried out with the aim of identifying somatic mutations. We also ran deep Mass Spectrometry proteomics analysis on the same cell lines, aiming to determine which somatic mutations carry over to the protein expression level. Further, we tested these cancer specific protein epitopes (putative neoantigens) for immunogenicity using mouse models. Finally, the putative neoantigens that showed good immunogenic potential were used in tumor growth control experiments with mice engrafted with the two tumor cell lines. In these experiments we tested whether cancer vaccines based on individual neoantigen peptides (MHC-I) restricted the growth of the tumor compared to adequate controls. The overall aim of the project is to validate the ability of our multi-omics/bioinformatics pipeline to identify and deliver neoantigens that can be used to suppress tumor growth. File names Sample names P10859_101_S1_L001_R1_001_BHKWV3CCXY 4T1_S1_L001_R1_001_BHKWV3CCXY P10859_101_S1_L001_R2_001_BHKWV3CCXY 4T1_S1_L001_R2_001_BHKWV3CCXY P10859_101_S1_L002_R1_001_BHKWV3CCXY 4T1_S1_L002_R1_001_BHKWV3CCXY P10859_101_S1_L002_R2_001_BHKWV3CCXY 4T1_S1_L002_R2_001_BHKWV3CCXY P10859_102_S2_L003_R1_001_BHKWV3CCXY B16-OVA_S2_L003_R1_001_BHKWV3CCXY P10859_102_S2_L003_R2_001_BHKWV3CCXY B16-OVA_S2_L003_R2_001_BHKWV3CCXY P10859_102_S2_L004_R1_001_BHKWV3CCXY B16-OVA_S2_L004_R1_001_BHKWV3CCXY P10859_102_S2_L004_R2_001_BHKWV3CCXY B16-OVA_S2_L004_R2_001_BHKWV3CCXY

2024-01-31 | E-MTAB-13635 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Targeting the tumor mutanome for personalized vaccination in lung cancer

Project description:Cancer is characterized by an accumulation of somatic mutations, of which a significant subset can generate cancer-specific neoepitopes that are recognized by autologous T cells. Neoepitopes are emerging as important targets for cancer immunotherapy, including personalized cancer vaccination strategies. We used whole-exome and RNA sequencing analysis to identify potential neoantigens for a patient with non-small cell lung cancer. Sequencing revealed a low tumor mutational burden: 2,219 sequence variants were identified from the primary tumor, of which 23 were expressed in the transcriptome, involving 18 gene products. We assessed autologous T-cell reactivity to the candidate neoantigens using a long peptide approach and could demonstrate spontaneous T-cell responses to 5/18 (28%) mutated gene variants. Further, analysis of the TCR repertoire of neoantigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells revealed TCR clonotypes that were expanded in both blood and tumor tissue. In parallel, the 18 gene variants were incorporated into a Modified Vaccinia Ankara-based vaccine, which was evaluated in the transgenic HLA-A*02-restricted HHD mouse model. Following vaccination, de novo T-cell responses were generated to 4/18 (22%) mutated gene variants, of which 2 were also observed in the autologous setting; we determined the MHC restriction of the T-cell responses and used in silico prediction tools to determine the likely neoepitopes. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of efficiently identifying tumor-specific neoantigens that can be targeted by vaccination in tumors with a low mutational burden, and promises successful clinical application, with trials currently underway.

2022-04-27 | GSE179879 | GEO

Project description:Immunogenic neoantigens derived from gene fusions stimulate T cell responses

| PRJNA527992 | ENA

Direct identification of clinically relevant neoepitopes presented on native human melanoma tissue by mass spectrometry

Project description:Although mutations may represent attractive targets for immunotherapy, direct identification of mutated peptide ligands isolated from human leukocyte antigens (HLA) on the surface of native tumor tissue has so far not been successful. Using advanced mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, we survey the melanoma-associated immunopeptidome to a depth of 95,500 patient-presented peptides. We thereby discover a large spectrum of attractive target antigen candidates including cancer testis antigens and phosphopeptides. Most importantly, we identify peptide ligands presented on native tumor tissue samples harboring somatic mutations. Four of eleven mutated ligands prove to be immunogenic by neoantigen-specific T-cell responses. Moreover, tumor-reactive T cells with specificity for selected neoantigens identified by MS are detected in the patient`s tumor and peripheral blood. We conclude that direct identification of mutated peptide ligands from primary tumor material by MS is possible and yields true neoepitopes with high relevance for immunotherapeutic strategies in cancer.

2017-04-06 | PXD004894 | Pride

Allele imbalance in Reps1 and Adpgk

Project description:Effective anti-cancer immunity is associated with the presence of T cells directed at potentially immunogenic tumor neoantigens arising from tumor-specific mutation. We confirmed the expression of reported MC38 neoantigens (Nature 515: 572, 2014). MC38 cells in our laboratory had the same point mutation at amino acid position 299 in Adpgk (ASMTN[R/M]ELM), but did not have a point mutation at amino acid position 42 in Reps1 (AQL[P/A]NDVVL). The allele frequency of mutated Adpgk (ASMTNMELM) was 30%.

2019-02-13 | GSE126280 | GEO

Antigen Presentation Profiling Reveals T-cell Recognition of Lymphoma Immunoglobulin Neoantigens

Project description:Cancer somatic mutations can generate neoantigens that distinguish malignant from normal cells. Such neoantigens have been implicated in response to immunotherapies including immune checkpoint blockade, yet their identification and validation remains challenging. Here we discover neoantigens in human mantle cell lymphomas using an integrated strategy for genomic and proteomic tumor antigen discovery that interrogates peptides presented within the tumor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules. We applied this approach to systematically identify neoantigen peptides in diagnostic tumor specimens from 17 patients. Remarkably, the 52 discovered neoantigenic peptides were invariably derived from the lymphoma immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy or light chain variable regions. Although we could identify MHC presentation of private germline polymorphic alleles, no mutated peptides were recovered from non-Ig somatically mutated genes. The immunoglobulin variable region somatic mutations were almost exclusively presented by MHC-II. We found T-cells specific for an immunoglobulin-derived neoantigen in the blood of a patient using MHC-II tetramers, and these T-cell clones expanded in frequency following tumor vaccination. These results demonstrate that an integrative approach combining MHC isolation, peptide identification and exome sequencing is an effective platform to uncover tumor neoantigens. Application of this strategy to human lymphoma implicates immunoglobulin neoantigens as targets for lymphoma immunotherapy.

2017-03-27 | PXD004746 | Pride

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