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Macrophage infectivity potentiator protein, a peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase, essential for Coxiella burnetii growth and pathogenesis

ABSTRACT: Coxiella burnetii is a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen that causes the debilitating disease Q fever, which affects both animals and humans. The only available vaccine, Q-Vax, is effective but has a high risk of severe adverse reactions, limiting its use as a countermeasure to contain outbreaks. Therefore, it is essential to identify new drug targets to treat this infection. Macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) proteins catalyze the folding of proline-containing proteins through their peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity and have been shown to play an important role in the virulence of several pathogenic bacteria but to date its role in C. burnetii pathogenesis has not been investigated. This study demonstrates that CbMip is likely to be an essential protein in C. burnetii. Pipecolic acid derived compounds, SF235 and AN296 demonstrate inhibitory activities against CbMip and these compounds were found to significantly inhibit intracellular replication of C. burnetii in both HeLa and THP-1 cells. Furthermore, SF235 and AN296 were also found to exhibit antibiotic properties against both the virulent (Phase I) and avirulent (Phase II) forms of C. burnetii Nine Mile Strain RSA439 in axenic culture with comparative proteomic demonstrating selective alterations in response to these agents. This study also showed that exposure of C. burnetii to Mip inhibitors resulted in increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. Furthermore, compounds SF235 and AN296 demonstrated protective activity in vivo and significantly improved the survival of Galleria mellonella infected with C. burnetii. These results suggest that unlike in other bacteria, Mip in C. burnetii is required for growth and replication and that inhibitors against CbMip offer potential as novel therapeutics against C. burnetii.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive

ORGANISM(S): Coxiella Burnetii Dugway 5j108-111

SUBMITTER: Nichollas Scott

LAB HEAD: Mitali Sarkar-Tyson

PROVIDER: PXD036679 | Pride | 2023-06-15

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Project description:Pyruvate oxidase encoded by spxB is a major virulence factor in the human respiratory pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. During aerobic growth, SpxB synthesizes large amounts of H2O2 and acetyl phosphate, which can serve as a phosphoryl group donor to response regulators and be converted to ATP. SpxB is the main source of the millimolar concentrations of H2O2 produced and tolerated by pneumococcus, despite its lack of a catalase. We report here the first cis- and trans-acting regulatory elements for spxB transcription. These elements were identified in a genetic screen, similar to those used previously for phase variants, for spontaneous mutations that caused colonies of virulent serotype 2 strain D39 to change from a transparent to an opaque appearance. Six of the seven opaque colonies recovered (frequency of 3 x 10-5) were impaired for SpxB function. Modeling suggested that two mutations changed amino acids in SpxB required for FAD cofactor or subunit binding. One mutation deleted a cis-acting adjacent direct repeat required for optimal spxB transcription. The other three independent mutations created the same frameshift near the start of a trans-acting regulatory gene designated as spxR. The SpxR protein contains helix-turn-helix, CBS, and HotDog domains implicated in DNA, adenosine, and CoA compound binding, respectively, consistent with the idea that SpxR positively regulates spxB transcript amount in response to energy and metabolic state rather than oxidative state. Finally, microarray analyses of a null spxB or a spxR mutant revealed the presence of a new oxidative stress response in pneumococcus and unexpectedly demonstrated that SpxR strongly positively regulates the transcript amount of the strH exoglycosidase gene, which like spxB, has been implicated in host colonization. Keywords: genetic modification Bacterial strains were grown exponentially in rich (BHI) media at 37C and an atmosphere of 5% CO2, and were processed as described in the related Sample records. Samples were collected from three independent biological replicates and included one dye swap. Data were normalized using the Lowess (subgrid) method without background subtraction.

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Macrophage infectivity potentiator protein, a peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase, essential for Coxiella burnetii growth and pathogenesis

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