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Boundary of Life and Death: changes in mitochondrial and cytosolic proteomes of Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells associated with programmed cell death

ABSTRACT: Despite the critical role of programmed cell death (PCD) in plant development and defence responses, its regulation is not fully understood. It has been proposed that mitochondria may control the early stages of plant PCD, but the details of this regulation are currently unknown. Here, we used Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension culture, a model system that enables induction and precise monitoring of PCD rates, as well as chemical manipulation of this process to generate a quantitative profile of the alterations in mitochondrial and cytosolic proteomes associated with early stages of plant PCD induced by heat stress. The cells were subjected to PCD-inducing heat levels (10 min, 54oC), with/without the calcium channel inhibitor and PCD blocker LaCl3. The stress treatment was followed by separation of cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions and mass spectrometry-based proteome analysis. Heat stress induced rapid and extensive changes in protein abundance in both fractions and 113 mitochondrial proteins were detected in the cytosol upon PCD induction. Western blot analysis confirmed the release of mitochondrial heat shock protein 60 family members occurring in response to PCD-inducing, but not sublethal level of heat stress, that may indicate their cytosolic role as positive regulators of PCD in plants. In our system, LaCl3 appeared to act downstream of cell death initiation signal, as it did not affect the release of mitochondrial proteins, but instead partially inhibited changes occurring in the cytosolic fraction, including upregulation of proteins with hydrolytic activity. Collectively, these generated data provide new insights into the regulation of cell death and survival decisions in plant cells.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive HF

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis Thaliana (mouse-ear Cress)

SUBMITTER: James Carolan

LAB HEAD: Dr Jim Carolan

PROVIDER: PXD040584 | Pride | 2023-07-01

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Project description:Overexpression of programmed cell death 5 gene (PDCD5) in tumor cells enhances apoptosis triggered by growth factor or serum deprivation, and overexpression of its homolog, OsPDCD5, induces the early death of transgenic plants. In this work, a system of inducible OsPDCD5 expression using a heat shock promoter was developed to study PCD in rice at different developmental stages.The results showed that in three-leaf aged and older seedlings, OsPDCD5 could independently induce PCD. In altered plants, OsPDCD5 expression caused lesion mimic phenotype, abnormal leaf morphology, nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, and H2O2 production. But two-leaf aged and younger seedlings seedlings showed no visibly morphological phenotype after OsPDCD5 expression, suggested that young seedlings possessed some mechanism inhibiting OsPDCD5 induced PCD. The transcripts of 24-day-old transgenic Zhonghua 11 seedlings heat-shocked for 6 h (before the appearance of PCD phenotypes) were compared with untreated seedlings using microarray analysis (3-Leaf Group) to study the genes involved in OsPDCD5 induced PCD. The experiment was also performed using 18-day-old seedlings to discover why OsPDCD5 expression did not induce PCD in very young seedlings (2-Leaf Group). RNA samples were extracted using TRIzol (Invitrogen) as described by the manufacturer. Microarray analyses were carried out using a competitive hybridization method using the Agilent microarray system. All procedures were carried out according to the manufacturer's protocols. Briefly, total RNA from each sample was used to synthesize cRNA and was labeled with cyanine-5 (Cy5)- or cyanine-3 (Cy3)-labeled CTP. The labeled cRNAs (including a heat-shocked and a control sample) were competitively hybridized to the Agilent Rice Oligo Microarrays, and then washed. The hybridized slides were scanned using Agilent DNA Microarray Scanner and data points were extracted using Agilent Feature Extraction software. Two comparisons were made between biologically independent samples.

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Boundary of Life and Death: changes in mitochondrial and cytosolic proteomes of Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells associated with programmed cell death

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