Dataset Information

The influence of symbiont identity on the proteomic and metabolomic responses of the model cnidarian Aiptasia to thermal stress

ABSTRACT: We examined the effect of symbiont identity and heat stress on host metabolome and proteome in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. Exaiptasia diaphana (‘Aiptasia’) was inoculated with its native symbiont (Breviolum minutum) or a non-native symbiont (Symbiodinium microadriaticum; Durusdinium trenchii) and subjected to thermal stress. Host metabolomes were partially distinct at control temperature, however thermal stress caused profiles of anemones containing the two non-native symbionts to become more similar to each other and more distinct from those containing B. minutum. This may reflect symbiont densities; under control conditions, D. trenchii attained 60% and S. microadriaticum 15% of the density attained by B. minutum. At elevated temperature, only D. trenchii-colonised anemones experienced bleaching (60% loss). Combined metabolome and proteome analyses revealed the compounds that make up the thermal response of each symbiosis, either reflecting innate symbiont-specific differences or host-symbiont interactions. We show clear evidence of enhanced nutritional deprivation and cellular stress in hosts harbouring a novel symbiont following temperature stress, independent of the symbiont’s putative thermal resilience. Our findings highlight the physiological limits of partner switching as a means of adaptation to increased temperatures. However, we also offer preliminary evidence suggesting that metabolic functioning of the D. trenchii-Aiptasia association improves over the long-term.

INSTRUMENT(S):

ORGANISM(S): Exaiptasia Diaphana

TISSUE(S): Whole Body

SUBMITTER: Clinton Oakley

LAB HEAD: Simon Davy

PROVIDER: PXD055908 | Pride | 2025-05-07

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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The Influence of Symbiont Identity on the Proteomic and Metabolomic Responses of the Model Cnidarian Aiptasia to Thermal Stress.

Lust Bobby B Matthews Jennifer L JL Oakley Clinton A CA Lewis Robert E RE Mendis Himasha H Peng Lifeng L Grossman Arthur R AR Weis Virginia M VM Davy Simon K SK

Environmental microbiology 20250301 3

We examined the effects of symbiont identity and heat stress on the host metabolome and proteome in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. Exaiptasia diaphana ('Aiptasia') was inoculated with its homologous (i.e., native) symbiont Breviolum minutum or a heterologous (i.e., non-native) symbiont (Symbiodinium microadriaticum; Durusdinium trenchii) and thermally stressed. Integrated metabolome and proteome analyses characterised host thermal responses between symbioses, with clear evidence of enha ...[more]

PMID: 40056008

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Project description:Coral bleaching has devastating effects on coral survival and reef ecosystem function, but many of the fundamental cellular effects of thermal stress on cnidarian physiology are unclear. We used label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to assess the effects of high temperatures on the proteome of the model symbiotic anemone Aiptasia sp. Anemones were acclimated to elevated temperatures (30 °C and 33.5 °C) for two weeks or exposed to short-term thermal shock (33.5 °C, 24 hours) without acclimation. We identified 2,137 protein clusters in Aiptasia, 136 of which were differentially abundant between treatments. There were minimal differences (nine proteins) in protein abundances between the control (25 °C) and acclimated high-temperature (30 °C and 33.5 °C) treatments, indicating that thermal acclimation in symbiotic cnidarians is not primarily regulated at the level of protein expression. Heat shock resulted in significant changes in the abundance of 104 proteins, including those involved in protein folding and synthesis, redox homeostasis, and central metabolism. Nineteen highly abundant cytoskeletal and structural proteins showed particularly reduced abundance (approximately 50%), demonstrating proteostasis disruption and inhibition of protein synthesis. Heat shock induced proteins involved in multiple mechanisms for stabilizing nascent proteins, preventing protein aggregation and degrading damaged proteins, indicative of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Antioxidant mechanisms and metabolic enzymes necessary for redox homeostasis were also upregulated. Disruption of host proteostasis occurred before either bleaching or symbiont photoinhibition was detected, strongly suggesting endogenous reactive oxygen species production as the proximate cause of thermal damage. The effects of thermal shock were most pronounced at the endoplasmic reticulum, and proteostasis maintenance and protein turnover mechanisms may be essential in the response to severe thermal stress in symbiotic cnidarians.

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