Dataset Information

Temozolomide Induces Glioblastoma Dedifferentiation into Highly Malignant Stem-like Cells Through Senescence-Associated Reprogramming via HIF1α/HIF2α Regulation

ABSTRACT: A critical issue is that recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) after temozolomide (TMZ) exposure becomes more malignant, exhibiting higher invasion and stemness than the primary tumor. However, the detailed mechanism remains to be elucidated. While the majority of GBM cells succumb to TMZ treatment, some enter cell cycle arrest, adopt a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and activate senescence-related signaling pathways. These cells later exit senescence, re-enter the cell cycle, and proliferate, forming aggregates with stemness characteristics, including high expression of stemness markers, colony formation, high invasion, migration, and chemotherapy resistance. Critically, these new aggregates promote the invasion, migration, and chemotherapy resistance of surrounding cells. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and KEGG analysis of miRNA and mRNA sequences indicated that hallmark-hypoxia and HIF1-signaling pathways were activated. We verified that HIF1α and HIF2α levels changed before, during, and after TMZ treatment. Knocking out HIF1α and HIF2α in GBM cells and exposing them to TMZ resulted in fewer senescent cells and aggregates. This study clarifies how recurrent GBM becomes more malignant during and after TMZ treatment and highlights the regulatory roles of HIF1α and HIF2α, emphasizing that preventing senescence cell formation and inhibiting HIF1α and HIF2α expression are crucial for improving therapeutic outcomes.

INSTRUMENT(S):

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Cell Culture

SUBMITTER: Liao Bin

LAB HEAD: Bin Liao

PROVIDER: PXD058156 | Pride | 2025-05-07

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Temozolomide promotes glioblastoma stemness expression through senescence-associated reprogramming via HIF1α/HIF2α regulation.

Wang Pan P Liao Bin B Gong Sheng S Guo HaiYan H Zhao Lu L Liu Jie J Wu Nan N

Cell death & disease 20250419 1

A critical challenge in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment is that tumors recurring after temozolomide (TMZ) therapy become more malignant, exhibiting increased invasiveness and stemness compared to the primary tumor. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. While the majority of GBM cells are eradicated by TMZ, a subset enters cell cycle arrest, adopts a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and activates senescence-related signaling pathways. These cells eventually e ...[more]

PMID: 40253386

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Project description:Glioblastoma (GBM) carries a dismal prognosis largely due to acquired resistance to the standard treatment, which incorporates the chemotherapy temozolomide (TMZ). Inhibiting the proteasomal pathway is an emerging strategy, where combination treatments are under clinical investigation. We hypothesized that pre-treatment of GBM with bortezomib (BTZ) might sensitize glioblastoma to TMZ by abolishing autophagy survival signals to augment DNA damage and apoptosis. P3 patient-derived GBM cells as well as the tumor cell lines U87, HF66, A172 and T98G were investigated for clonogenic survival after single or combined treatment with TMZ and BTZ in vitro. Change in autophagic flux was examined after experimental treatments in conjunction with inhibitors of autophagy or downregulation of autophagy-related genes -5 and -7 (ATG5 and ATG7, respectively). Autophagic flux was increased in TMZ-resistant P3 and T98G cells as indicated by diminished levels of the autophagy markers LC3A/B-II and increased STX17, higher protein degradation and no formation of p62 bodies nor induction of apoptosis. In contrast, BTZ treatment attenuated ULK1 mRNA, total and phosphorylated protein, and accumulated LC3A/B-II, p62 and autophagosomes analogously to Baf1 and chloroquine autophagy inhibitors. These autophagosomes did not fuse with lysosomes, indicated by attenuated STX17 expression and reduced degradation of long-lived proteins, which culminated in enhanced caspase-3/8 dependent apoptosis. BTZ synergistically enhanced TMZ efficacy, attenuated tumor cell proliferation, triggered ATM/Chk2 DNA damage signalling to further augment caspase-3/8 mediated apoptosis in the TMZ resistant P3 and T98G GBM cells. Genetic or chemical inhibition of autophagy (with CRISPR-CAs9 ATG5, ATG7 shRNA, MRT68921 or VPS34-IN1) abrogated BTZ efficacy and rescued BTZ+ TMZ treated GBM cells from death. We conclude that Bortezomib ameliorates temozolomide resistance through ATG5/7-dependent abrogated autophagic flux and may be amenable in combination treatment regimens for TMZ refractory GBM patients.

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