Influenza A virus polymerase co-opts distinct sets of host proteins for RNA transcription or replication
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
INSTRUMENT(S):
ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)
TISSUE(S): Cell Culture, Haploid Cell
DISEASE(S): Influenza
SUBMITTER: 
Mark Skehel
LAB HEAD: Wendy S. Barclay
PROVIDER: PXD064673 | Pride | 2026-02-04
REPOSITORIES: Pride
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FV3159_KO_PR8_FLAG_B1_S2_1.raw | Raw | |||
| FV3159_KO_PR8_FLAG_B1_S2_2.raw | Raw | |||
| FV3159_KO_PR8_FLAG_B1_S2_3.raw | Raw | |||
| FV3159_KO_PR8_FLAG_B2__S2_1.raw | Raw | |||
| FV3159_KO_PR8_FLAG_B2__S2_2.raw | Raw |
Items per page: 5 1 - 5 of 38 |
Similar Datasets
Project description:The epitranscriptomic modification m6A is a ubiquitous feature of the mammalian transcriptome. It modulates mRNA fate and dynamics to exert regulatory control over numerous cellular processes and disease pathways, including viral infection. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) reactivation from the latent phase leads to redistribution of m6A topology upon both viral and cellular mRNAs within infected cells. Here we investigate the role of m6A in cellular transcripts upregulated during KSHV lytic replication. Results show that m6A is crucial for the stability of the GPRC5A mRNA, whose expression is induced by the KSHV latent-lytic switch master regulator, the replication and transcription activator (RTA) protein. Moreover, we demonstrate that GPRC5A is essential for efficient KSHV lytic replication by directly regulating NFκB signalling. Overall, this work highlights the central importance of m6A in modulating cellular gene expression to influence viral infection.
2023-07-20 | PXD039669 | Pride
Project description:Human adenoviruses are double–stranded DNA viruses that replicate in the cell nucleus and induce the formation of replication compartments (RCs) that are critical in viral replication and control of virus-host interactions. RCs are specialized virus-induced subnuclear microenvironments in which viral genome replication and expression are orchestrated, but also where host proteins known to restrict viral replication are co-opted and subverted. However, the protein composition of these RCs remains largely unexplored. In this study, we isolated adenovirus RC-enriched fractions from infected cells at different times post-infection and employed a tandem mass tag-based quantitative mass spectrometry approach to identify proteins associated with RCs. To validate the RC-protein components identified by mass spectrometry, we employed immunofluorescence and western blotting techniques. Proteins previously described to colocalize in RCs in infected cells were identified in the isolated subnuclear fractions. Moreover, we were able to validate previously unidentified RC-associated proteins, including the High Mobility Group Box 1, the SET nuclear proto-oncogene, the Structure Specific Recognition Protein 1 and the CCCTC-binding protein. These findings reveal an elaborate network of host and viral proteins potentially relevant for RC formation and function. The results also suggest potential candidate targets for therapeutic intervention and further mechanistic insights into the molecular basis of virus-host interactions
2024-11-20 | PXD051745 | Pride
Project description:Zika virus (ZIKV) is a global health threat that can cause severe neurological defects, but specific antiviral therapies are lacking. Through a kinase-focused CRISPR-Cas9 screen, we identified cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) as an essential host factor for ZIKV infection. We demonstrate that CDK2 directly binds to and phosphorylates the viral RNA polymerase NS5, enhancing its RNA synthesis activity to drive viral replication. In human cells, this phosphorylation also potentiates NS5-mediated degradation of STAT2 and suppression of type I interferon signaling, representing a synergistic immune-evasion mechanism. Pharmacological inhibition of CDK2 with clinical-stage compounds, SNS-032 and Fadraciclib, effectively limited ZIKV replication in human cells, brain organoids, and immunocompromised mice. These inhibitors also restricted Dengue virus replication, indicating that targeting host CDK2 could be a promising strategy against other flaviviruses. Our work unveils CDK2 as a critical host kinase co-opted by ZIKV and establishes its inhibition as a potential host-directed antiviral approach.
2026-01-04 | PXD072639 |
Project description:Coronaviruses (CoVs) hijack host RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to facilitate their replication, but the viral proteins and host RBDs that participate in the synthesis of viral RNA and protein are unclear. In this study, we revealed that DEAD-box helicase (DDX5) and staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein (SND1) facilitate viral RNA synthesis, and that RNA guanine-7 methyltransferase (RNMT) enhances viral protein translation to promote viral replication via coronaviral subgenomic RNA-protein interactomes. DDX5 and SND1 positively regulate PEDV replication by promoting viral RNA synthesis via the binding of DDX5 to positive-sense viral RNA, whereas SND1 specifically detects negative-sense viral RNA. The interaction of DDX5/SND1 and N/nsp9/nsp12 promotes the formation of replication-transcription complexes for viral RNA synthesis to facilitate viral replication. We found that RNMT captures the host protein translation system to cyclize viral mRNA to assist in viral protein translation to promote viral replication. We also found that DDX5 broadly interacts with the N protein of CoVs and promotes the RNA synthesis of bovine coronavirus and porcine delta-coronavirus to promote viral replication. These results indicate that CoVs use host proteins to assist in the synthesis of viral RNA and protein to facilitate viral replication.
2026-01-21 | PXD067906 | Pride
Project description:Heldt2012 - Influenza Virus Replication
The model describes the life cycle of influenza A virus in a mammalian cell including the following steps: attachment of parental virions to the cell membrane, receptor-mediated endocytosis, fusion of the virus envelope with the endosomal membrane, nuclear import of vRNPs, viral transcription and replication, translation of the structural viral proteins, nuclear export of progeny vRNPs and budding of new virions. It also explicitly accounts for the stabilization of cRNA by viral polymerases and NP and the inhibition of vRNP activity by M1 protein binding. In short, the model focuses on the molecular mechanism that controls viral transcription and replication.
This model is described in the article:
Modeling the intracellular dynamics of influenza virus replication to understand the control of viral RNA synthesis.
Heldt FS, Frensing T, Reichl U.
J Virol.
Abstract:
Influenza viruses transcribe and replicate their negative-sense RNA genome inside the nucleus of host cells via three viral RNA species. In the course of an infection, these RNAs show distinct dynamics, suggesting that differential regulation takes place. To investigate this regulation in a systematic way, we developed a mathematical model of influenza virus infection at the level of a single mammalian cell. It accounts for key steps of the viral life cycle, from virus entry to progeny virion release, while focusing in particular on the molecular mechanisms that control viral transcription and replication. We therefore explicitly consider the nuclear export of viral genome copies (vRNPs) and a recent hypothesis proposing that replicative intermediates (cRNA) are stabilized by the viral polymerase complex and the nucleoprotein (NP). Together, both mechanisms allow the model to capture a variety of published data sets at an unprecedented level of detail. Our findings provide theoretical support for an early regulation of replication by cRNA stabilization. However, they also suggest that the matrix protein 1 (M1) controls viral RNA levels in the late phase of infection as part of its role during the nuclear export of viral genome copies. Moreover, simulations show an accumulation of viral proteins and RNA toward the end of infection, indicating that transport processes or budding limits virion release. Thus, our mathematical model provides an ideal platform for a systematic and quantitative evaluation of influenza virus replication and its complex regulation.
With the current parameter set, the model reproduces an infection at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10. Figure 2A of the paper is reproduced here, with parameters kDegRnp and kSynP changed to zeros.
Initial conditions and parameter changes that were used to obtain specific figures in the article can be found in Table A2.
The model has the correct value for kAttLo as 4.55e-04. The value of this parameter mentioned as 4.55e-02 in Table 1 of the paper is incorrect. This is checked with the author.
This model is hosted on BioModels Database
and identified
by: MODEL1307270000
.
To cite BioModels Database, please use: BioModels Database: An enhanced, curated and annotated resource
for published quantitative kinetic models
.
To the extent possible under law, all copyright and related or
neighbouring rights to this encoded model have been dedicated to the public
domain worldwide. Please refer to CC0 Public Domain
Dedication
for more information.
2024-09-02 | BIOMD0000000463 | BioModels
Project description:Mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) nonstructural protein μNS nucleates viral factories (VFs), which are sites of viral genome replication, protein synthesis, and particle assembly. Reovirus mRNAs are not polyadenylated, yet these transcripts are efficiently translated. To identify host factors associated with translation in VFs, we conducted a proteomics screen and identified ataxin-2-like (ATXN2L) as a μNS-interacting protein. CRISPR-mediated gene knockout (KO) of ATXN2L impairs reovirus replication. The ATXN2L RNA-binding domains are required for reovirus replication and association with the 3’ terminus of nonpolyadenylated reovirus mRNAs. Synthesis of viral proteins is diminished in ATXN2L-KO cells following reovirus infection. Translation of a reovirus reporter construct is diminished following transfection of ATXN2L-KO cells with nonpolyadenylated mRNA but not with polyadenylated mRNA. These data identify ATXN2L as an essential mediator of translation of nonpolyadenylated reovirus mRNA.
2025-11-24 | PXD069183 | Pride
Project description:The transcriptional response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus was elucidated using 16,008 gene GRASP cDNA microarrays. S. salar were exposed to the IHN virus in a waterborne challenge, and kidney samples from five fish sampled on each of days 0, 1, 5 and 9 were analysed in the microarray study. Validation of nine of the significant genes was conducted on fish sampled on alternate days from 1 to 13 and compared to the unchallenged control sampled on day 0. The key pathways up-regulated in response to the virus included endosomal transport, type I and II interferon responses, the alternative complement pathway, apoptosis, phagocytosis and phagocytic cell oxidation, natural killer cell activity, antiviral replication via iron sequestering, virally-induced disruption of the cell cycle, retroviral DNA integration, T-cell activation and cellular immunity. Fish that did not contain viral titer on days 5 and 9 responded in a similar manner to those with titer, but further induced a number of genes involved in anti-viral replication (Glutathione peroxidase 1 and ferritin H), anti-proliferation (PTEN and B-cell receptor associated protein 32), lysosomal response (CD63 antigen), pro-inflammatory response (lipopolysaccharide binding protein, stress activated JNK1, thiol peroxidase), and T-cell activation (T-cell activation Rho-GTPase activating protein) that may increase resistance to the virus. Three genes that were potentially co-opted by the virus to enhance infectivity were also identified, including uPAR (angiogenesis), CypA (viral replication and infectivity), and BAF1 (viral protein biosynthesis). Perhaps the most notable finding was the up-regulation of uPAR which can function to increase the density of fibronectin, the receptor of the IHN virus, on the cell surface, hence facilitate viral entry into the cell. Keywords: Immunlogical response to IHN virus challenge A preliminary microarray experiment was run on the waterborne-challenged S. salar whereby the five individuals sampled on a given day were combined and run on a single slide, and we compared the expression profiles from each day (days 0 (unchallenged control) through 11). From this experiment, we noted that the most profound changes were occurring around days 1, 5, and 9, so we performed subsequent experiments at these time points, with five fish per day and 5 control fish analysed in total.
2007-03-30 | E-GEOD-6924 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To investigate virus-host interactions at the site of coronavirus replication, we developed a biotin-based proximity labelling approach by engineering a promiscuous biotin ligase, BirA-R118G, within the coronavirus replication and transcription complex (RTC). BirA-R118G was fused to non-structural protein 2 to generate MHV- BirA-R118G-nsp2. During the course of infection, viral and host factors in proximity of the viral RTC become covalently biotinylated, allowing affinity purification of biotin-tagged factors and mass spectrometry identification of RTC-proximal viral and host factors. Results provide a comprehensive library of RTC-associated factors which likely include crucial factors that promote, orchestrate and assist viral replication within the viral RTC microenvironment.
2019-01-16 | PXD009975 | Pride
Project description:During HIV-1 infection, there is a massive perturbation of host gene expression, but as yet, genome-wide studies have not identified host genes affecting HIV-1 replication in lymphatic tissue, the primary site of virus-host interactions. In this study, we isolated RNA from the inguinal lymph nodes of 22 HIV-1-infected individuals and utilized a microarray approach to identify host genes critically important for viral replication in lymphatic tissue by examining gene expression associated with viral load. Strikingly, ~95% of the transcripts (558) in this data set (592 transcripts total) were negatively associated with HIV-1 replication. Genes in this subset (1) inhibit cellular activation/proliferation (ex.: TCFL5, SOCS5 and SCOS7, KLF10), (2) promote heterochromatin formation (ex.: HIC2, CREBZF, ZNF148/ZBP-89), (3) increase collagen synthesis (ex.: PLOD2, POSTN, CRTAP), and (4) reduce cellular transcription and translation. Potential anti-HIV-1 restriction factors were also identified (ex.: NR3C1, HNRNPU, PACT). Only ~5% of the transcripts (34) were positively associated with HIV-1 replication. Paradoxically, nearly all these genes function in innate and adaptive immunity, particularly highlighting a heightened interferon system. The predominance of negative correlations as well as the disconnect between host defenses and viral load point to the importance of genes that regulate target cell activation and genes that code for potentially new restriction factors as determinants of viral load rather than conventional host defenses. Total RNA was isolated from the inguinal lymph nodes of 22 HIV-1-infected subjects at different clinical stages (and varying viral loads) and prepared for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays. Replicate arrays were performed for lymph node samples to minimize assay noise and host genes critically important for viral replication in lymphatic tissue were identified by examining gene expression and its association with viral load. Replicates were not performed for samples WB91 and TS35 due to limited amounts of biomaterial.
2010-06-08 | E-GEOD-21589 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Virus and host factors contribute to cell-to-cell variation in viral infection and determine the outcome of the overall infection. However, the extent of the variability at the single cell level and how it impacts virus-host interactions at a systems level are not well understood. To characterize the dynamics of viral transcription and host responses, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to quantify at multiple time points the host and viral transcriptomes of human A549 cells and primary bronchial epithelial cells infected with influenza A virus. We observed substantial variability of viral transcription between cells, including the accumulation of defective viral genomes (DVGs) that impact viral replication. We show a correlation between DVGs and viral-induced variation of the host transcriptional program and an association between differential induction of innate immune response genes and attenuated viral transcription in subpopulations of cells. These observations at the single cell level improve our understanding of the complex virus-host interplay during influenza infection.
2019-12-10 | GSE118773 | GEO