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Multi-omics of barley Fusarium Head Blight converge on pathogen-triggered biosynthesis of aromatic amino acid derived chemical defense compounds

ABSTRACT: Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a devastating fungal disease of small grain cereals like wheat and barley, causing substantial yield and quality losses each year worldwide. FHB is caused by Fusarium species that produce mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) that impairs protein biosynthesis. Although defence responses in barley to Fusarium infection have been described at the transcriptional level, it remains unclear to what extent these responses are translated into functional changes at the protein and metabolite levels. In this study, we employed comprehensive transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to dissect the defence responses of barley heads during infection with Fusarium culmorum. Our analyses revealed a set of significantly regulated gene-protein pairs linked to biosynthetic pathways that consistently correspond to upregulated defence-related metabolites. These include tryptophan-derived stress metabolites such as tryptamine and serotonin, as well as barley-specific hydroxycinnamylamides, hordatines, and their biosynthetic precursors.

INSTRUMENT(S):

ORGANISM(S): Hordeum Vulgare (barley)

TISSUE(S): Flower

SUBMITTER: Sophia Hein

LAB HEAD: Ralph Hückelhoven

PROVIDER: PXD068736 | Pride | 2026-05-18

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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			Action	DRS
	6174_GA10_086285_S00_U10_R1.raw	Raw
	6174_GA11_086285_S00_U11_R1.raw	Raw
	6174_GA12_086285_S00_U12_R1.raw	Raw
	6174_GA1_086285_S00_U01_R1.raw	Raw
	6174_GA2_086285_S00_U02_R1.raw	Raw

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Project description:Fusarium head blight (FHB) incited by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe is a devastating disease of barley and other cereal crops worldwide. Fusarium head blight is associated with trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON), where contaminated grains are unfit for malting or animal feed industries. While genetically resistant cultivars offer the best economic and environmentally responsible means to mitigate disease, parent lines with adequate resistance are limited in barley. Resistancebreeding based upon quantitative genetic gains has been slow to date, due to intensive labour requirements of disease nurseries. The development of high throughput genome-wide molecular markers, allow application in genomic prediction models. A diverse genomic panel consisting of 400 two-row spring barley lines was assembled to focus on Canadian barley breeding programs. The panel was evaluated for FHB and DON content in three environments and over two years. Moreover, it was genotyped using an Illumina Infinium HTS iSelect custom beadchip array of single nucleotide polymorphic molecular markers (50K SNP), where over 23K molecular markers were polymorphic. Genomic prediction has been successfully demonstrated for reducing FHB and DON content in cereals using various statistically-based models of different underlying assumptions. Herein, we have studied an alternative method basedon machine learning and compare it with a statistical approach. Two encoding techniques were utilized (categorical or Hardy-Weinberg frequencies), followed by selecting essential genomic markers for phenotype prediction. Subsequently, we applied a transformer-based deep learning algorithm to predict FHB and DON. Apart from the transformer method, we also implemented a Residual Fully Connected Neural Network (RFCNN). Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to compare true vs. predicted outputs. Under most model scenarios, the use of all markers vs. selected markers marginally improved prediction performance except for RFCNN method for FHB (27.6%). Hardy-Weinberg encoding generally improved correlation for FHB (6.9%) and DON (9.6%) for transformer. This study suggests the potential of the transformer based method for genomic prediction of complex traits such as FHB or DON, having performed better or equally compared with existing machine learning and statistical method. To genomic prediction in barley for Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol content using a custom Illumina Infinium array (BarleySNP50-JHI) (www.illumina.com). Sample types included leaves from 400 barley genotypes mostly of Canadian origin. This series includes 400 genotypes assayed on an Illumina infinium HTS platform 50K BeadChip.

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Multi-omics of barley Fusarium Head Blight converge on pathogen-triggered biosynthesis of aromatic amino acid derived chemical defense compounds

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