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Enamel proteins from six Homo erectus specimens across China

ABSTRACT: Homo erectus remains have been found in Africa, Eurasia and Southeast Asia, dating back to 2 million years (Ma), but due to their age and preservation, obtaining informative molecular data from them his been difficult. We successfully extracted ancient enamel proteins from six Middle Pleistocene H. erectus specimens, approximately 0.4 Ma, from the Zhoukoudian, Hexian, and Sunjiadong sites. Five of these specimens are males, and one is female. All specimens from all three sites share two amino acid variants. Of these, AMBN-253G is unknown and has not been seen in other human lineages, including H. erectus from Dmanisi (Georgia), Homo antecessor from Atapuerca (Spain), Denisovans, Neanderthals, and modern humans. The other variant, AMBN-273V, has been previously identified in Denisovans, where it may have been introduced through populations related to these Middle Pleistocene H. erectus. The previously unknown super-archaic segments in Denisovans and later partially passed to modern humans thus likely originated from H. erectus. Late Middle Pleistocene H. erectus may have coexisted with Denisovans in parts of East Asia, where these interactions are presumed to have occurred.

INSTRUMENT(S):

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (human)

TISSUE(S): Bone

SUBMITTER: Xiao Wang

LAB HEAD: Qiaomei Fu

PROVIDER: PXD068897 | Pride | 2026-03-22

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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			Action	DRS
	24SY026.raw.refined.mgf	Mgf
	24SY026_DDA_20240611_Fossil_24SY026.raw	Raw
	24SY027_DDA_S1_20240611_Fossil_24SY0401.raw	Raw
	24SY027_DDA_S2_20240611_Fossil_24SY0401_RE.raw	Raw
	24SY028_DDA_S1_20240611_Fossil_24SY0402.raw	Raw

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