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Dietary administration of a glycosylated form of vitamin D combined with natural triterpenes in late gestating and lactating sows

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with a glycosylated form of active vitamin D (1,25(OH)₂D₃) combined with natural triterpenes (ursolic and oleanolic acids) in hyper-prolific sows during late gestation and lactation. Twenty-four Landrace × Large White sows were assigned to three experimental groups: a control diet (CTR) and two treatment diets supplemented with 0.64 µg/kg (ACTD1) or 0.96 µg/kg (ACTD2) of glycosylated 1,25(OH)₂D₃ combined with 140 or 210 µg/kg of triterpenes, respectively. Supplementation reduced farrowing duration and backfat thickness at weaning, while improving litter weight and piglet growth performance. Plasma analyses revealed lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β) and parathyroid hormone, alongside higher concentrations of calcitriol and calcium in treated sows. Proteomic profiling indicated modulation of lipid metabolism, coagulation, and vitamin D–related proteins, confirming systemic bioavailability of the supplemented compounds and their involvement in calcium and immune regulation. Overall, the combination of glycosylated calcitriol and triterpenes enhanced productivity, calcium homeostasis, and inflammatory balance in sows, supporting its potential as a nutritional strategy for improving reproductive efficiency and health under commercial farming conditions.

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ORGANISM(S): Sus Scrofa Domesticus (domestic Pig)

TISSUE(S): Blood Serum

SUBMITTER: Simona Nonnis

LAB HEAD: elisa maffioli

PROVIDER: PXD070245 | Pride | 2026-03-30

REPOSITORIES: Pride

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Project description:Environmental factors during perinatal development influence developmental plasticity and disease susceptibility via alterations to the epigenome. Developmental exposure to the endocrine active compound, bisphenol A (BPA), has previously been associated with altered methylation at candidate gene loci. Here, we undertake the first genome-wide characterization of DNA methylation profiles in the liver of murine offspring perinatally exposed to multiple doses of BPA through the maternal diet. Using a tiered focusing approach, our strategy proceeds from unbiased broad DNA methylation analysis using methylation-based next generation sequencing technology to in-depth quantitative site-specific CpG methylation determination using the Sequenom EpiTYPER MassARRAY platform to profile liver DNA methylation patterns in offspring maternally exposed to BPA during gestation and lactation to doses ranging from 0 BPA/kg (Ctr), 50 M-BM-5g BPA/kg (UG), or 50 mg BPA/kg (MG) diet (N=4 per group). Genome-wide analyses indicate non-monotonic effects of DNA methylation patterns following perinatal exposure to BPA, corroborating previous studies using multiple doses of BPA with non-monotonic outcomes. We observed enrichment of regions of altered methylation (RAMs) within CpG island (CGI) shores, but little evidence of RAM enrichment in CGIs. An analysis of promoter regions identified several hundred novel BPA-associated methylation events, and methylation alterations in the Myh7b and Slc22a12 gene promoters were validated. Using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, a number of candidate genes that have previously been associated with BPA-related gene expression changes were identified, and gene set enrichment testing identified epigenetically dysregulated pathways involved in metabolism and stimulus response. In this study, non-monotonic dose dependent alterations in DNA methylation among BPA-exposed mouse liver samples and their relevant pathways were identified and validated. The comprehensive methylome map presented here provides candidate loci underlying the role of early BPA exposure and later in life health and disease status. For this study, liver DNA from a subset of a/a wild-type animals was analyzed for full methylome characteristics: 1) standard diet (Ctr, n = 4 offspring; 2 male and 2 female); 2) 50 M-BM-5g BPA/kg diet (UG, n = 4 offspring; 2 male and 2 female); 3) 50 mg BPA/kg diet (MG, n = 4 offspring; 1 male and 3 female).

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Dietary administration of a glycosylated form of vitamin D combined with natural triterpenes in late gestating and lactating sows

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