Arabidopsis thaliana
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJDB37410 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Regulation of light absorption under variable light conditions is essential to optimize photosynthetic and acclimatory processes in plants. Light energy absorbed in excess has a damaging effect on chloroplasts and can lead to cell death. Therefore, plants have evolved protective mechanisms against excess excitation energy that include chloroplast accumulation and avoidance responses. One of the proteins involved in facilitating chloroplast movements in Arabidopsis thaliana is the J domain-containing protein required for chloroplast accumulation response 1 (JAC1). The function of JAC1 relates to the chloroplast actin filaments appearance and disappearance. So far, the role of JAC1 was studied mainly in terms of chloroplasts photorelocation. Here, we demonstrate that the function of JAC1 is more complex, since it influences the composition of photosynthetic pigments, the efficiency of photosynthesis, and the CO2 uptake rate. JAC1 has positive effect on water use efficiency (WUE) by reducing stomatal aperture and water vapor conductance. Importantly, we show that the stomatal aperture regulation is genetically coupled with JAC1 activity. In addition, our data demonstrate that JAC1 is involved in the fine-tuning of H2O2 foliar levels, antioxidant enzymes activities and cell death after UV-C photooxidative stress. This work uncovers a novel function for JAC1 in affecting photosynthesis, CO2 uptake, and photooxidative stress responses.
2020-03-26 | GSE143762 | GEO
Project description:We have previously identified a significant increase in chloroplast reactive oxygen species in wounded leaves of Arabidopsis and other plants, which is light-dependent (Flor-Henry et al. (2004) BMC Plant Biology 4:19). The aims of this study were to (i) examine the early response to mechanical wounding in Arabidopsis leaves, (ii) test the hypothesis that light-dependent chloroplast ROS may play a role in signalling for changes in gene expression in wounded leaves, and (iii) examine the broader impact of the light environment on the wound response in Arabidopsis. Keywords: Stress response
2010-04-22 | GSE13803 | GEO
Project description:Here, we examine the transcriptomic response of adult wild-type and BrphyB leaves to darkening and recovery in light. Three days of dark was sufficient to elicit a response in wild type leaves suggesting a shift from carbon fixation and nutrient acquisition to active redistribution of cellular resources. Upon a return to light, wild-type leaves appeared to transcriptionally return to a pre-darkness state restoring a focus on nutrient acquisition. BrphyB mutant plants have a similar response with key differences in genes involved in photosynthesis and light response which deviate from the wild type transcriptional dynamics. Genes targeted to the chloroplast are especially affected. Adult plants had fewer, larger chloroplasts suggesting a link between phytochromes, chloroplast development, photosynthetic deficiencies and resource allocation.
2020-08-18 | GSE135955 | GEO
Project description:Survival of plants depends on their ability to adapt to ever-changing environmental conditions. Chloroplasts sense different stimuli and respond to ion fluxes in the cytosol triggering systemic responses under stress conditions. Indeed, changes in calcium and magnesium ion concentration in the chloroplast stroma impact the immune response against pathogens and adapt the photosynthetic machinery under fluctuating light conditions. Here we investigated the link between di-valent cations, calcium, magnesium and manganese and the protein kinase activity in Arabidopsis chloroplasts. Our results show that overall, manganese ions are the strongest activator of kinase activity in chloroplasts followed by magnesium ions, whereas calcium ions have seemingly no effect. Additionally, when comparing the phosphorylation pattern from Arabidopsis wild type and a cmt1 mutant, which is defective in manganese import into chloroplasts, the phosphorylation of specific protein bands is strongly reduced in the mutant chloroplasts supporting the notion that chloroplasts contain manganese-dependent protein kinases. These findings provide insights for the future characterization of chloroplast protein kinases activity regarding in-vitro assays and potential target proteins.
2023-03-11 | PXD037286 | Pride
Project description:In bacteria, the biosynthesis of cysteine is accomplished by two enzymes that are encoged by the cysK and cysM genes. CysM is also able to incorporate thiosulfate to produce S-sulfocysteine. In plant cells, the biosynthesis of cysteine occurs in the cytosol, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain two O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase homologs, which are encoded by the OAS-B and CS26 genes. An in vitro enzymatic analysis of the recombinant CS26 protein demonstrated that this isoform possesses S-sulfocysteine synthase activity and lacks O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase activity. In vivo functional analysis of this enzyme in knockout mutants demonstrated that mutation of cs26 suppressed the S-sulfocysteine synthase activity that was detected in wild type; furthermore, the mutants exhibited a growth phenotype, but penetrance depended on the light regime. The cs26 mutant plants also had reductions in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity (neither of which were observed in oas-b mutants), as well as elevated glutathione levels. However, cs26 leaves were not able to properly detoxify ROS, which accumulated to high levels under long-day growth conditions. The transcriptional profile of the cs26 mutant revealed that the mutation had a pleiotropic effect on many cellular and metabolic processes. Our finding reveals that S-sulfocysteine and the activity of S-sulfocysteine synthase play an important role in chloroplast function and are essential for light-dependent redox regulation within the chloroplast.
2010-03-31 | GSE19241 | GEO
Project description:In bacteria, the biosynthesis of cysteine is accomplished by two enzymes that are encoged by the cysK and cysM genes. CysM is also able to incorporate thiosulfate to produce S-sulfocysteine. In plant cells, the biosynthesis of cysteine occurs in the cytosol, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain two O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase homologs, which are encoded by the OAS-B and CS26 genes. An in vitro enzymatic analysis of the recombinant CS26 protein demonstrated that this isoform possesses S-sulfocysteine synthase activity and lacks O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase activity. In vivo functional analysis of this enzyme in knockout mutants demonstrated that mutation of cs26 suppressed the S-sulfocysteine synthase activity that was detected in wild type; furthermore, the mutants exhibited a growth phenotype, but penetrance depended on the light regime. The cs26 mutant plants also had reductions in chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity (neither of which were observed in oas-b mutants), as well as elevated glutathione levels. However, cs26 leaves were not able to properly detoxify ROS, which accumulated to high levels under long-day growth conditions. The transcriptional profile of the cs26 mutant revealed that the mutation had a pleiotropic effect on many cellular and metabolic processes. Our finding reveals that S-sulfocysteine and the activity of S-sulfocysteine synthase play an important role in chloroplast function and are essential for light-dependent redox regulation within the chloroplast. Using the Affymetrix ATH1 GeneChips, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis on leaves of the cs26 and wild type plants under two different photoperiod conditions. Wild type and cs26 mutant plants were grown on soil under a long-day photoperiod (LD) or under a short-day photoperiod (SD). Total RNA was extracted from the leaves of 3-week-old plants grown under identical LD conditions, and from the leaves of 5-week-old plants grown under identical SD conditions. Three biological replicates were performed for each sample and hybridized to the chips. We made two different comparisons to classify the differently expressed genes in the mutant plant: cs26 leaves under LD versus wild-type leaves under LD and cs26 leaves under SD versus wild-type leaves under SD.
2010-04-12 | E-GEOD-19241 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:A pluripotent inducible cell line was generated from Arabidopsis to address the limitations of traditional in planta dicot systems and to develop a well-controlled experimental setup where the individual regulatory check points of chloroplast development could be defined. Following light exposure, this cell line was shown to differentiate into photosynthetically active cells with functional chloroplasts providing an experimental system with a temporal gradient of chloroplast development. Using this unique cell line from the dicot Arabidopsis we could demonstrate that the development from a proplastid to a functional chloroplast, and thereby the establishment of photosynthesis, is dependent on a regulatory mechanism involving two distinct phases. First, light exposure triggers an initial change in gene expression, metabolite profile, chlorophyll accumulation and plastid structure. Secondly, a second signal, most likely triggered by activation of the chloroplast, is required for full transition to a functional chloroplast and the shift from heterotrophic to photoautotrophic metabolism.
2018-05-12 | E-MTAB-5777 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Zebra leaf is a special phenotype of variegated leaf in monocotyledonous plant. Here, we characterized a mutant zebra10 (zb10) in maize, which displays defective chloroplast development in white section of leaves at the seedling stage and pale-white kernels. Map based cloning revealed that ZB10 encodes plastid terminal oxidase (ZmPTOX) which is localized in chloroplasts. ZmPTOX protein is highest expressed in leaves and also highly expressed in endosperm. Expression and metabolism analysis showed that function-loss of PTOX interferes with carotenoid synthesis and chloroplast biogenesis by affecting phytoene desaturase activity. In-depth observation showed that crossband formation of zebra leaf could be related to photoperiodic rhythm, and expression of alternative oxidases 2 (ZmAOX2) could be regulated by circadian rhythm and light intensity in zb10. Further studies revealed ectopic expression of ZmAOX2 protein can function in chloroplasts and rescue the defective phenotype of im. We conclude that ZmPTOX plays an vital role in carotenoid synthesis and plastid biogenesis in maize. ZmAOX2 involve in formation of zebra crossbands with diurnal rhythm and green-revertible process of leaves in zb10.
2024-03-01 | GSE259213 | GEO
Project description:We performed chloroplast ChIP-seq (cpChIP-seq) to identify the possible DNA-binding sites of mTERF5 in Arabidopsis thaliana. To this end, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing mTERF5 carrying an HA tag under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Then, We used the polyclonal antibody (abcam, ab9110, lot GR304617-8 ) against HA tag which conjugated to ChIP-Grade protein A/G agarose (Thermo scientific, 26161, lot QJ223903) to perform cpChIP assay. The obtained chromatin immunoprecipitated DNA of chloroplasts were used to build DNA libaries for high-throughput sequencing. Finally, we showed that three potenssial DNA regions across the chloroplast genome compared to the control group were enriched by mTERF5.
2019-08-21 | GSE118574 | GEO
Project description:Chloroplasts are the metabolically most active compartment of mature leaf cells. Their proteins are involved in essential cellular processes, such as photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and fatty acid synthesis. For this, chloroplast proteins have to associate with other fellow organellar proteins to form functional units, react to changing environmental conditions, or optimize efficiency of biochemical reactions. We here investigated chloroplast protein-protein interactions by a combination of complexome profiling and cross-linking mass spectrometry (CX-MS). Different detergents and MS settings were tested for developing a new workflow, which was found to produce data of improved quality when comparted to standard complexome profiling approaches. This procedure was applied to chloroplasts acclimated to increasing light intensities to investigate the role of protein-protein interactions in the adaption to these conditions.
2023-04-27 | MSV000091808 | MassIVE