Bacillus anthracis isolated from permafrost in Russia
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB30558 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERR3170360.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR3170361.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR3170362_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR3170362_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR3170363_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Lobachevsky University DNAm dataset. Whole blood DNA Methylation (EPIC) profiles from healthy samples from two regions: central Russia (131 samples) and Yakutia (114 samples) obtained in the Laboratory of System Medicine for Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Russia Dataset contains DNAm data from 245 healthy control samples from two regions: central Russia (131) and Yakutia (114). The following characteristics are available for all samples: sex, age, region. Healthy participants in the central Russia region were recruited in 2019–2022. Yakutian participants we recruited in 2022. All measurements were performed at the Laboratory of System Medicine for Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
2023-12-14 | GSE234461 | GEO
Project description:This article describes Bacillus anthracis strains isolated during an outbreak of anthrax on the Yamal Peninsula in the summer of 2016 and independently in Yakutia in 2015. A common feature of these strains is their conservation in permafrost, from which they were extracted either due to the thawing of permafrost (Yamal strains) or as the result of paleontological excavations (Yakut strains). All strains isolated on the Yamal share an identical genotype belonging to lineage B.Br.001/002, pointing to a common source of infection in a territory over 250 km in length. In contrast, during the excavations in Yakutia, three genetically different strains were recovered from a single pit. One strain belongs to B.Br.001/002, and whole genome sequence analysis showed that it is most closely related to the Yamal strains in spite of the remoteness of Yamal from Yakutia. The two other strains contribute to two different branches of A.Br.008/011, one of the remarkable polytomies described so far in the B. anthracis species. The geographic distribution of the strains belonging to A.Br.008/011 is suggesting that the polytomy emerged in the thirteenth century, in combination with the constitution of a unified Mongol empire extending from China to Eastern Europe. We propose an evolutionary model for B. anthracis recent evolution in which the B lineage spread throughout Eurasia and was subsequently replaced by the A lineage except in some geographically isolated areas.
| S-EPMC6530834 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The fate of the carbon stocked in permafrost soils following global warming and permafrost thaw is of major concern in view of the potential for increased CH4 and CO2 emissions from these soils. Complex carbon compound degradation and greenhouse gas emissions are due to soil microbial communities, but their composition and functional potential in permafrost soils are largely unknown. Here, a 2 m deep permafrost and its overlying active layer soil were subjected to metagenome sequencing, quantitative PCR, and microarray analyses. The active layer soil and 2 m permafrost soil microbial community structures were very similar, with Actinobacteria being the dominant phylum. The two soils also possessed a highly similar spectrum of functional genes, especially when compared to other already published metagenomes. Key genes related to methane generation, methane oxidation and organic matter degradation were highly diverse for both soils in the metagenomic libraries and some (e.g. pmoA) showed relatively high abundance in qPCR assays. Genes related to nitrogen fixation and ammonia oxidation, which could have important roles following climatic change in these nitrogen-limited environments, showed low diversity but high abundance. The 2 m permafrost soil showed lower abundance and diversity for all the assessed genes and taxa. Experimental biases were also evaluated and showed that the whole community genome amplification technique used caused large representational biases in the metagenomic libraries. This study described for the first time the detailed functional potential of permafrost-affected soils and detected several genes and microorganisms that could have crucial importance following permafrost thaw.
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Project description:The fate of the carbon stocked in permafrost soils following global warming and permafrost thaw is of major concern in view of the potential for increased CH4 and CO2 emissions from these soils. Complex carbon compound degradation and greenhouse gas emissions are due to soil microbial communities, but their composition and functional potential in permafrost soils are largely unknown. Here, a 2 m deep permafrost and its overlying active layer soil were subjected to metagenome sequencing, quantitative PCR, and microarray analyses. The active layer soil and 2 m permafrost soil microbial community structures were very similar, with Actinobacteria being the dominant phylum. The two soils also possessed a highly similar spectrum of functional genes, especially when compared to other already published metagenomes. Key genes related to methane generation, methane oxidation and organic matter degradation were highly diverse for both soils in the metagenomic libraries and some (e.g. pmoA) showed relatively high abundance in qPCR assays. Genes related to nitrogen fixation and ammonia oxidation, which could have important roles following climatic change in these nitrogen-limited environments, showed low diversity but high abundance. The 2 m permafrost soil showed lower abundance and diversity for all the assessed genes and taxa. Experimental biases were also evaluated and showed that the whole community genome amplification technique used caused large representational biases in the metagenomic libraries. This study described for the first time the detailed functional potential of permafrost-affected soils and detected several genes and microorganisms that could have crucial importance following permafrost thaw. A 2m deep permafrost sample and it overlying active layer were sampled and their metagenome analysed. For microarray analyses, 8 other soil samples from the same region were used for comparison purposes.
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Project description:It remains challenging to study the viability and metabolic activity of microorganisms buried in ancient permafrost. We coupled aspartic acid racemization assay with metaproteomics to constraint the microbial activity of indigenous microbial community entrappped in permafrost sediment over 100 kyr ago.
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Project description:The spore forming pathogen Bacillus anthracis is the etiologic agent of anthrax in humans and animals. It cycles through infected hosts as vegetative cells and is eventually introduced into the environment where it generates an endospore resistant to many harsh conditions. The endospores are subsequently ingested by the next host to begin the next cycle. Outbreaks of anthrax occur regularly worldwide in wildlife and livestock, and the potential for human infection exists whenever humans encounter infected animals. It is also possible to encounter intentional releases of anthrax spores, as was the case in October 2001. Consequently, it is important to be able to rapidly establish the provenance of infectious strains of B. anthracis. Here, we compare protein expression in seven low-passage wild isolates and four laboratory strains of B. anthracis grown under identical conditions using LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis. Of the 1,023 total identified proteins, 96 had significant abundance differences between wild and laboratory strains. Of those, 28 proteins directly related to sporulation were upregulated in wild isolates, with expression driven by Spo0A, CodY, and AbrB/ScoC. In addition, we observed evidence of changes in cell division and fatty acid biosynthesis between the two classes of strains, despite being grown under identical experimental conditions. These results suggest wild B. anthracis cells are more highly tuned to sporulate than their laboratory cousins, and this difference should be exploited as a method to differentiate between laboratory adapted cultures and low passage wild strains isolated during an anthrax outbreak. This knowledge should distinguish between intentional releases and exposure to strains in nature providing a basis for the type of response by public health officials and investigators.
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Project description:Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax infections in mammals. Large-scale mortality resulting from the intentional release of B. anthracis spores represents a potential bioterrorism threat. Inhalational anthrax almost invariably proceeds to fatal systemic infection, characterized by massive bacteremia. A better understanding of host-pathogen interactions is urgently needed for effective treatment of this lethal disease. However, virulence mechanisms used by B. anthracis to survive and multiply in human blood are not completely understood. Identification of genes that are differentially expressed during the growth of B. anthracis in human serum can elucidate how this pathogen successfully colonizes the bloodstream. We compared the transcriptional profile of B. anthracis growing in heat-inactivated human serum to that in LB medium. Genes involved in the biosynthesis of purines, certain amino acids and riboflavin and lipid metabolism, genes encoding ABC transporters, respiratory enzymes and several genes with hypothetical function were identified as being upregulated during growth in serum.
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Project description:Timecourse from log phase growth to sporulation in Bacillus anthracis Stern 34F2
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