Brachypodium distachyon, B. stacei and B. hybridum (B. distachyon-type and B. stacei-type) chloroplast genomes
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PROVIDER: PRJEB31720 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Background and aimsThe Brachypodium genus represents a useful model system to study grass genome organization. Palaeogenomic analyses (e.g. Murat F, Armero A, Pont C, Klopp C, Salse J. 2017. Reconstructing the genome of the most recent common ancestor of flowering plants. Nature Genetics49: 490-496) have identified polyploidization and dysploidy as the prime mechanisms driving the diversity of plant karyotypes and nested chromosome fusions (NCFs) crucial for shaping grass chromosomes. This study compares the karyotype structure and evolution in B. distachyon (genome Bd), B. stacei (genome Bs) and in their putative allotetraploid B. hybridum (genomes BdBs).MethodsBrachypodium chromosomes were measured and identified using multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization (mcFISH). For higher resolution, comparative chromosome barcoding was developed using sets of low-repeat, physically mapped B. distachyon-derived bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones.Key resultsAll species had rather small chromosomes, and essentially all in the Bs genome were morphometrically indistinguishable. Seven BACs combined with two rDNA-based probes provided unambiguous and reproducible chromosome discrimination. Comparative chromosome barcoding revealed NCFs that contributed to the reduction in the x = 12 chromosome number that has been suggested for the intermediate ancestral grass karyotype. Chromosome Bd3 derives from two NCFs of three ancestral chromosomes (Os2, Os8, Os10). Chromosome Bs6 shows an ancient Os8/Os10 NCF, whilst Bs4 represents Os2 only. Chromosome Bd4 originated from a descending dysploidy that involves two NCFs of Os12, Os9 and Os11. The specific distribution of BACs along Bs9 and Bs5, in both B. stacei and B. hybridum, suggests a Bs genome-specific Robertsonian rearrangement.ConclusionsmcFISH-based karyotyping identifies all chromosomes in Brachypodium annuals. Comparative chromosome barcoding reveals rearrangements responsible for the diverse organization of Bd and Bs genomes and provides new data regarding karyotype evolution since the split of the two diploids. The fact that no chromosome rearrangements were observed in B. hybridum compared with the karyotypes of its phylogenetic ancestors suggests prolonged genome stasis after the formation of the allotetraploid.
| S-EPMC6110338 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Brachypodium hybridum (2n = 30) is a natural allopolyploid with highly divergent sub-genomes derived from two extant diploid species, B. distachyon (2n = 10) and B. stacei (2n = 20) that differ in chromosome evolution and number. We created synthetic B. hybridum allotetraploids by hybridizing various lines of B. distachyon and B. stacei. The initial amphihaploid F1 interspecific hybrids were obtained at low frequencies when B. distachyon was used as the maternal parent (0.15% or 0.245% depending on the line used) and were sterile. No hybrids were obtained from reciprocal crosses or when autotetraploids of the parental species were crossed. Colchicine treatment was used to double the genome of the F1 amphihaploid lines leading to allotetraploids. The genome-doubled F1 plants produced a few S1 (first selfed generation) seeds after self-pollination. S1 plants from one parental combination (Bd3-1×Bsta5) were fertile and gave rise to further generations whereas those of another parental combination (Bd21×ABR114) were sterile, illustrating the importance of the parental lineages crossed. The synthetic allotetraploids were stable and resembled the natural B. hybridum at the phenotypic, cytogenetic and genomic levels. The successful creation of synthetic B. hybridum offers the possibility to study changes in genome structure and regulation at the earliest stages of allopolyploid formation in comparison with the parental species and natural B. hybridum.
| S-EPMC5147888 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Brachypodium stacei Genome sequencing and assembly
| PRJNA791186 | ENA
Project description:Background and aimsMorphological traits in combination with metabolite fingerprinting were used to investigate inter- and intraspecies diversity within the model annual grasses Brachypodium distachyon, Brachypodium stacei and Brachypodium hybridum .MethodsPhenotypic variation of 15 morphological characters and 2219 nominal mass ( m / z ) signals generated using flow infusion electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (FIE-MS) were evaluated in individuals from a total of 174 wild populations and six inbred lines, and 12 lines, of the three species, respectively. Basic statistics and multivariate principal component analysis and discriminant analysis were used to differentiate inter- and intraspecific variability of the two types of variable, and their association was assayed with the rcorr function.Key resultsBasic statistics and analysis of variance detected eight phenotypic characters [(stomata) leaf guard cell length, pollen grain length, (plant) height, second leaf width, inflorescence length, number of spikelets per inflorescence, lemma length, awn length] and 434 tentatively annotated metabolite signals that significantly discriminated the three species. Three phenotypic traits (pollen grain length, spikelet length, number of flowers per inflorescence) might be genetically fixed. The three species showed different metabolomic profiles. Discriminant analysis significantly discriminated the three taxa with both morphometric and metabolome traits and the intraspecific phenotypic diversity within B. distachyon and B. stacei . The populations of B. hybridum were considerably less differentiated.ConclusionsHighly explanatory metabolite signals together with morphological characters revealed concordant patterns of differentiation of the three taxa. Intraspecific phenotypic diversity was observed between northern and southern Iberian populations of B. distachyon and between eastern Mediterranean/south-western Asian and western Mediterranean populations of B. stacei . Significant association was found for pollen grain length and lemma length and ten and six metabolomic signals, respectively. These results would guide the selection of new germplasm lines of the three model grasses in ongoing genome-wide association studies.
| S-EPMC5458712 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) has a large (~2.7 Gbp) allotetraploid genome with closely related component genomes making its genome very challenging to assemble. Here we report genome sequences of its diploid ancestors (A. duranensis and A. ipaënsis). We show they are similar to the peanutâs A- and B-genomes and use them use them to identify candidate disease resistance genes, create improved tetraploid transcript assemblies, and show genetic exchange between peanutâs component genomes. Based on remarkably high DNA identity and biogeography, we conclude that A. ipaënsis may be a descendant of the very same population that contributed the B-genome to cultivated peanut. Whole Genome Bisulphite Sequencing of the peanut species Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis.
2016-07-03 | E-GEOD-71357 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Brachypodium stacei IBD-10 Resequencing
| PRJNA616925 | ENA
Project description:Allopolyploidization-induced "genome shock" poses severe challenges to subgenome stability. However, the mechanisms by which subgenomes achieve functional homeostasis through genomic and epigenomic regulation remain poorly understood. This study integrates multi-omics data from Brassica napus and its putative diploid progenitors to reveal that coordinated convergence of genomic and epigenomic plays a central role in maintaining subgenome functional homeostasis within allopolyploids. Here, we present the first comprehensive, high-quality epigenomic maps to date for the diploid Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that epigenomic reprogramming in A and C subgenomes of the allotetraploid drives convergent chromatin states, which substantially diminished expression divergence between homoeologous gene pairs. Notably, compared to the A subgenome, the C subgenome in the allotetraploid exhibits more pronounced sequence conservation of regulatory elements and epigenetic homeostasis. Furthermore, transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) influenced by genomic variation in the A subgenome demonstrate convergent evolutionary patterns toward the C subgenome. This study provides novel insights into the coordinated convergence of genomic and epigenomic regulation between subgenomes in allotetraploid Brassica napus, demonstrating that allopolyploids resolve subgenomic conflicts through multi-layered regulatory networks. These findings establish a novel paradigm for elucidating the molecular basis of polyploidy advantages in crops and for enabling rational design of synthetic polyploids.
2025-09-22 | GSE295118 | GEO
Project description:Allopolyploidization-induced "genome shock" poses severe challenges to subgenome stability. However, the mechanisms by which subgenomes achieve functional homeostasis through genomic and epigenomic regulation remain poorly understood. This study integrates multi-omics data from Brassica napus and its putative diploid progenitors to reveal that coordinated convergence of genomic and epigenomic plays a central role in maintaining subgenome functional homeostasis within allopolyploids. Here, we present the first comprehensive, high-quality epigenomic maps to date for the diploid Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that epigenomic reprogramming in A and C subgenomes of the allotetraploid drives convergent chromatin states, which substantially diminished expression divergence between homoeologous gene pairs. Notably, compared to the A subgenome, the C subgenome in the allotetraploid exhibits more pronounced sequence conservation of regulatory elements and epigenetic homeostasis. Furthermore, transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) influenced by genomic variation in the A subgenome demonstrate convergent evolutionary patterns toward the C subgenome. This study provides novel insights into the coordinated convergence of genomic and epigenomic regulation between subgenomes in allotetraploid Brassica napus, demonstrating that allopolyploids resolve subgenomic conflicts through multi-layered regulatory networks. These findings establish a novel paradigm for elucidating the molecular basis of polyploidy advantages in crops and for enabling rational design of synthetic polyploids.
2025-09-22 | GSE295119 | GEO
Project description:Allopolyploidization-induced "genome shock" poses severe challenges to subgenome stability. However, the mechanisms by which subgenomes achieve functional homeostasis through genomic and epigenomic regulation remain poorly understood. This study integrates multi-omics data from Brassica napus and its putative diploid progenitors to reveal that coordinated convergence of genomic and epigenomic plays a central role in maintaining subgenome functional homeostasis within allopolyploids. Here, we present the first comprehensive, high-quality epigenomic maps to date for the diploid Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that epigenomic reprogramming in A and C subgenomes of the allotetraploid drives convergent chromatin states, which substantially diminished expression divergence between homoeologous gene pairs. Notably, compared to the A subgenome, the C subgenome in the allotetraploid exhibits more pronounced sequence conservation of regulatory elements and epigenetic homeostasis. Furthermore, transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) influenced by genomic variation in the A subgenome demonstrate convergent evolutionary patterns toward the C subgenome. This study provides novel insights into the coordinated convergence of genomic and epigenomic regulation between subgenomes in allotetraploid Brassica napus, demonstrating that allopolyploids resolve subgenomic conflicts through multi-layered regulatory networks. These findings establish a novel paradigm for elucidating the molecular basis of polyploidy advantages in crops and for enabling rational design of synthetic polyploids.
2025-09-22 | GSE295117 | GEO