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Project description:Genome sequence of the mosquito symbiont Asaia bogorensis strain SF2.1
| PRJEB1409 | ENA
Project description:The dengue virus (DENV) cause frequent epidemics infecting ~390 million people annually in over 100 countries. There are no approved vaccines or antiviral drugs for treatment of infected patients. However, there is a novel approach to control transmission of DENV by the mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, using Wolbachia symbiont. The wMelPop strain of Wolbachia suppresses DENV transmission and shortens the mosquito life span. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. To clarify this mechanism, either naïve Ae. albopictus (C6/36) or wMelPop-C6/36 cells were infected with DENV2. Analysis of host transcript profiles by RNAseq revealed that the presence of wMelPop had profound effects on mosquito host cell transcription in response to DENV2 infection. The viral RNA evolved from wMelPop-C6/36 contained low frequency mutations (~25%) within the coding region of transmembrane domain-1 (TMD1) of E protein. Mutations with >97 % frequencies were distributed within other regions of E, NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5POL) domain, the TMDs of NS2A, NS2B, and NS4B. Moreover, while DENV2-infected naïve C6/36 cells showed syncytia formation, DENV2-infected wMelPop-C6/36 cells did not. The Wolbachia-induced mutant DENV2 can readily infect and replicate in naïve C6/36 cells; whereas, in the mutant DENV2- infected BHK-21 or Vero cells, the virus replication was delayed. In LLC-MK2 cells, the mutant failed to produce plaques. Additionally, in BHK-21 cells, many mutations in the viral genome reverted to WT and compensatory mutations in NS3 gene appeared. Our results suggest that wMelPop impacts significantly the interactions of DENV2 with mosquito and mammalian host cells.
2019-02-25 | GSE125580 | GEO
Project description:The monoxenous trypanosomatid Strigomonas culicis inhabits several mosquito species, including Aedes aegypti. Previously, our group described that the infection of A. aegypti females by this trypanosomatid triggers the insect's immune response, reduces its reproductive fitness, and could potentially influence the vector competence. S. culicis maintains a mutualistic relationship with an endosymbiotic bacterium, which enables the protozoa to survive without heme supplementation. Here, the impact of H2O2 resistance and symbiont elimination on intracellular heme and Fe2+ availability was analyzed, comparing both the wild-type H2O2-resistant (WTR) and aposymbiotic (Apo) with the wild-type (WT) strain. Relative quantification through label-free PRM targeted mass spectrometry approach pointed out that H2O2 resistance induction does not influence the abundance of heme biosynthetic pathway; however, symbiont elimination increases the abundance of all components of de novo heme synthesis, except for protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPOX). Confirming the limited role of PPOX in this biossynthetic pathway, the addition of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) to heme-decreased medium (HDM) leads to higher growth rates and enhances intracellular heme content in Apo strain. A putative ferrous iron transporter homologous to LIT1 and TcIT from Leishmania major and Trypanosoma cruzi, was also detected for the first time. Targeted mass spectrometry approach indicated that H2O2 resistance and symbiont elimination increased S. culicis iron transporter (ScIT) abundance by 1.6- and 16.4-fold in comparison to WT. Accordingly, antibody-mediated blockage of ScIT decreased 26.7 and 41.9% intracellular Fe2+ concentration in both WTR and Apo strains, whereas no effect was detected in WT. Gene expression analysis showed that Apo growth in HDM increases 1.8-fold ScIT transcript levels, comparing to protozoa maintained in standard medium. Also, addition of 10 µM hemin to HDM significantly decreased intracellular Fe2+ concentration and ferric iron reduction in Apo strain. Together, our data indicate molecular mechanisms of S. culicis to deal with symbiont elimination and reduced heme availability. Since heme and Fe2+ are essential cofactors in many metabolic pathways, such as oxidative phosphorylation and antioxidant system, this study also provides novel mechanistic insights associated with S. culicis H2O2 resistance.
2026-01-12 | PXD044748 | panorama
Project description:Background: The piRNA pathway has been shown in model organisms to be involved in silencing of transposons thereby providing genome stability. In D. melanogaster the majority of piRNAs map to these sequences. The medically important mosquito species Aedes aegypti has a large genome size, a high transposon load which includes Miniature Inverted repeat Transposable Elements (MITES) and an expansion of the piRNA biogenesis genes. Studies of transgenic lines of Ae. aegypti have indicated that introduced transposons are poorly remobilized and we sought to explore the basis of this. We wished to analyze the piRNA profile of Ae. aegypti and thereby determine if it be responsible for transposon silencing in this mosquito. Results: Estimated piRNA sequence diversity was comparable between Ae. aegypti and D. melanogaster, but surprisingly only 19% of mosquito piRNAs mapped to transposons compared to 51% for D. melanogaster. Ae. aegypti piRNA clusters made up a larger percentage of the total genome than those of D. melanogaster but did not contain significantly higher percentages of transposon derived sequences than other regions of the genome. Ae. aegypti contains a number of protein coding genes that may be sources of piRNA biogenesis with two, traffic jam and maelstrom, implicated in this process in model organisms. Several genes of viral origin were also targeted by piRNAs. Examination of six mosquito libraries that had previously been transformed with transposon derived sequence revealed that new piRNA sequences had been generated to the transformed sequences, suggesting that they may have stimulated a transposon inactivation mechanism. Conclusions: Ae. aegypti has a large piRNA complement that maps to transposons but primarily gene sequences, including many viral-derived sequences. This, together the more uniform distribution of piRNA clusters throughout its genome suggest that some aspects of the piRNA system differ between Ae. aegypti and D. melanogaster.
2014-03-18 | GSE33595 | GEO
Project description:Use of the bacterium Wolbachia is an innovative new strategy designed to break the cycle of dengue transmission. There are two main mechanisms by which Wolbachia could achieve this: by reducing the level of dengue virus in the mosquito and/or by shortening the host mosquito's lifespan. However, although Wolbachia shortens the lifespan, it also gives a breeding advantage which results in complex population dynamics. This study focuses on the development of a mathematical model to quantify the effect on human dengue cases of introducing Wolbachia into the mosquito population. The model consists of a compartment-based system of first-order differential equations; seasonal forcing in the mosquito population is introduced through the adult mosquito death rate. The analysis focuses on a single dengue outbreak typical of a region with a strong seasonally-varying mosquito population. We found that a significant reduction in human dengue cases can be obtained provided that Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes persist when competing with mosquitoes without Wolbachia. Furthermore, using the Wolbachia strain WMel reduces the mosquito lifespan by at most 10% and allows them to persist in competition with non-Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes. Mosquitoes carrying the WMelPop strain, however, are not likely to persist as it reduces the mosquito lifespan by up to 50%. When all other effects of Wolbachia on the mosquito physiology are ignored, cytoplasmic incompatibility alone results in a reduction in the number of human dengue cases. A sensitivity analysis of the parameters in the model shows that the transmission probability, the biting rate and the average adult mosquito death rate are the most important parameters for the outcome of the cumulative proportion of human individuals infected with dengue.
2020-03-20 | MODEL2003160002 | BioModels
Project description:Host-derived factors are sucked into midgut of mosquitoes during natural malaria transmission, but their influence on malaria transmission is largely unknown. We reported that mouse complement C3 taken into mosquitoes significantly promoted malaria transmission either in laboratory or in field. This effect was attributed to the reduction of microbiota abundance in mosquito midgut by host-derived C3 through direct lyses the predominant symbiont bacteria Elizabethkingia anopheles. Elizabethkingia anopheles symbiont bacteria were demonstrated to be detrimental to malaria sexual stages in mosquitoes. Strikingly, the promoted effect of host C3 on malaria transmission was confirmed by laboratory mosquitoes membrane-feeding on Plasmodium falciparum. Therefore, we reveal a novel strategy of malaria parasite to utilize host complement C3 to promote its transmission, and the administration of C3 inhibitor would provide us a novel strategy to control malaria transmission.
2024-08-01 | GSE271070 | GEO
Project description:Investigation of whole genome gene expression level changes in a Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9343 delta-ungD1 delta-ungD2 delta-PSH triple mutant, compared to the wild-type strain. The mutations engineered into this strain render it acapsular. The mutants analyzed in this study are further described in Coyne, M. J., M. Chatzidaki-Livanis, L. C. Paoletti, and L. E. Comstock. 2008. Role of glycan synthesis in colonization of the mammalian gut by the bacterial symbiont Bacteroides fragilis. PNAS 105(35):13098-13103 (PID 18723678).
2008-09-02 | GSE11268 | GEO
Project description:Endobacteria in the mosquito symbiont yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus
| PRJEB60150 | ENA