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Early domestication and gut microbiota of the red junglefowl

ABSTRACT: Gut microbiota linked with reduced fear of humans in Red Junglefowl has implications for early domestication

PROVIDER: PRJEB46806 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
		Other
	ERR6892000_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR6892000_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR6892010_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR6892010_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Hypothalamic DNA-methylation differences in Red Junglefowl divergently selected for reduced fear of humans

Project description:Domestication of animals causes large phenotypic alterations during a brief evolutionary window of time. These alterations are caused by genomic variation, yet the prevalence of modified traits is larger than expected if caused only by classical genetics and mutations. Two selection lines of Red Junglefowl (ancestors of modern chickens), bred for either high or low fear of human for five generations, were used to study the differences in hypothalamic DNA methylation between the two populations.

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Hypothalamic DNA-methylation differences in Red Junglefowl divergently selected for reduced fear of humans

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Project description:Domesticated animals all show the same patterns regarding phenotypic traits and behaviour, collectively known as the domestic phenotype. All domestic chicken come from the red junglefowl. By keeping three separate populations of junglefowl and selecting for high, low or intermediate fear responses towards humans, the goal is to in the low fear group start to unlock domestic phenotypes.

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Project description:Background Understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic diversity is a challenge in contemporary biology. Domestication provides a model for unravelling aspects of this, for example with respect to stress sensitivity. Ancestral Red Junglefowl (RJF) show more fearful behaviour and a more pronounced HPA-axis reactivity than its domesticated descendant White Leghorn (WL). By comparing adrenal global gene transcription profiles between WL and RJF as well as their plasma levels of adrenal hormones in response to an acute stress event, we aimed at investigating the molecular basis for the altered physiological stress responsiveness in domesticated chicken.

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Project description:We characterized the SF proteome of the polyandrous Red junglefowl, Gallus gallus, the wild species that gave rise to the domestic chicken. We identify 1,141 SFPs, including proteins involved in immunity and antimicrobial defences, sperm maturation, and fertilisation, revealing a functionally complex SF proteome. This includes a predominant contribution of blood plasma proteins that is conserved with human SF. By comparing the proteome of young and old males with fast or slow sperm velocity in a balanced design, we identify proteins associated with ageing and sperm velocity, and show that old males that retain high sperm velocity have distinct proteome characteristics. SFP comparisons with domestic chickens revealed both qualitative and quantitative differences likely associated with domestication and artificial selection. Collectively, these results shed light onto the functional complexity of avian SF, and provide a platform for molecular studies of fertility, reproductive ageing, and domestication.

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