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Monkeypox Outbreak Sweden 2022

ABSTRACT: monkeypox viruses sequenced in Sweden 2022

PROVIDER: PRJEB53129 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
		Other
	ERR9784807.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR9784808.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Virological characterization of the 2022 outbreak-causing monkeypox virus using human keratinocytes and colon organoids

Project description:The outbreak-causing monkeypox virus of 2022 (2022 MPXV) is classified as a clade IIb strain and phylogenetically distinct from prior endemic MPXV strains (clades I or IIa), suggesting that its virological properties may also differ. Here, we used human keratinocytes and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived colon organoids to examine the efficiency of viral growth in these cells and the MPXV infection-mediated host responses. MPXV replication was much more productive in keratinocytes than in colon organoids. We observed that MPXV infections, regardless of strain, caused cellular dysfunction and mitochondrial damage in keratinocytes. Notably, a significant increase in the expression of hypoxia-related genes was observed specifically in 2022 MPXV-infected keratinocytes. Our comparison of virological features between 2022 MPXV and prior endemic MPXV strains revealed signaling pathways potentially involved with the cellular damages caused by MPXV infections and highlights host vulnerabilities that could be utilized as protective therapeutic strategies against human mpox in the future.

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Project description:Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a zoonotic virus endemic to Africa that has recently re-emerged, becoming the first orthopoxvirus with sustained human-to-human transmission since smallpox eradication. The 2022 global epidemic of MPXV was caused by Clade IIb virus (lineage B.1) that derived from the lineage A endemic to West Africa through APOBEC3 microevolution1-3. Here, comparison of lineage B.1 virus with its closest earlier A.1 ancestor reveals that despite only 46 nucleotide differences, lineage B.1 has attenuating phenotypic changes. Both viruses replicated equivalently in cell culture, but B.1 had defects in long-range spread, which mapped to APOBEC3 mutation E353K in OPG057 (F13L). MPXV B.1 was also defective in innate immune control, inducing higher IFNβ and innate immune signalling gene expression, and showing reduced capacity to suppress interleukin-1β-mediated responses, which mapped to APOBEC mutation R48C in OPG047 (F3L). Finally, MPXV B.1 had reduced virulence in a mouse model of MPXV infection relative to the ancestral A.1 strain. Our work demonstrates that the 2022 global outbreak MPXV was intrinsically attenuated, with attenuating mutations that are absent in concurrent, more severe clade IIb outbreaks. Our data also reveal that APOBEC3 editing is a mechanism of MPXV phenotypic variation, potentially contributing to clade evolution and competition.

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