Investigation of Microorganisms in Cannabis after Heating in a Commercial Vaporizer
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB58799 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERR10787717.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR10787718.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR10787719.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR10787720.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR10787721.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:IntroductionThere are concerns about microorganisms present on cannabis materials used in clinical settings by individuals whose health status is already compromised and are likely more susceptible to opportunistic infections from microbial populations present on the materials. Most concerning is administration by inhalation where cannabis plant material is heated in a vaporizer, aerosolized, and inhaled to receive the bioactive ingredients. Heating to high temperatures is known to kill microorganisms including bacteria and fungi; however, microbial death is dependent upon exposure time and temperature. It is unknown whether the heating of cannabis at temperatures and times designated by a commercial vaporizer utilized in clinical settings will significantly decrease the microbial loads in cannabis plant material.MethodsTo assess this question, bulk cannabis plant material supplied by National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) was used to assess the impact of heating by a commercial vaporizer. Initial method development studies using a cannabis placebo spiked with Escherichia coli were performed to optimize culture and recovery parameters. Subsequent studies were carried out using the cannabis placebo, low delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) potency and high THC potency cannabis materials exposed to either no heat or heating for 30 or 70 seconds at 190°C. Phosphate-buffered saline was added to the samples and the samples agitated to suspend the microorganism. Microbial growth after no heat or heating was evaluated by plating on growth media and determining the total aerobic microbial counts and total yeast and mold counts.Results and discussionOverall, while there were trends of reductions in microbial counts with heating, these reductions were not statistically significant, indicating that heating using standard vaporization parameters of 70 seconds at 190°C may not eliminate the existing microbial bioburden, including any opportunistic pathogens. When cultured organisms were identified by DNA sequence analyses, several fungal and bacterial taxa were detected in the different products that have been associated with opportunistic infections or allergic reactions including Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Aspergillus.
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2021-09-09 | PXD020739 | Pride
Project description:Cannabis consumption and legalization is increasing globally, raising concerns about its impact on fertility. In humans, we previously demonstrated that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its metabolites reach the ovarian follicle. An extensive body of literature describes THC’s impact on sperm, however no such studies have determined its effects on the oocyte. Herein, we investigate the impact of THC on human female fertility through both a clinical and in vitro analysis. We show that follicular fluid THC concentration is positively correlated with oocyte maturation and in vitro, we observe a similar but non-significant increase following THC exposure. In vitro, we report altered expression of key genes implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammation, and chromosome segregation. Furthermore, THC induces oocyte chromosome segregation errors and increases abnormal spindle morphology. Finally, THC-positive patients exhibit significantly lower embryo euploid rates than matched controls. This study highlights potential reproductive risks associated with cannabis use in females.
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Project description:Background. The growing popularity of cannabis smoking in an era of legalization has prompted concerns about respiratory health. Objective. To investigate clinical and airway epithelial transcriptomic features associated with cannabis smoking. Methods. This cross-sectional study analyzed 139 cannabis-smoking participants categorized by joint-year exposure (low: ≤5; moderate: >5-20; high: >20), and 57 never-smokers. We evaluated respiratory symptom questionnaire scores, lung function measurements, and chest computed tomography and hyperpolarized 129Xe pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging measurements across groups. We compared the expression of immune response signatures and mucin genes in airway epithelial brushings collected from bronchoscopy. Using air-liquid interface (ALI) cell cultures, we quantified epithelial MUC5AC protein and correlated its expression with clinical outcomes. Results. Among cannabis-smoking individuals (48% male and median age of 27 years), 84% reported current or former cigarette smoking or vaping. Cannabis-smoking groups reported worse respiratory symptoms than never-smokers. High joint-year cannabis-smoking participants showed lower pre-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75, more radiographic emphysema, and more ventilation abnormalities than never-smokers. Airway epithelial brushings from cannabis-smoking individuals demonstrated increased type 2 immune response, decreased type 17 immune response, and higher MUC5AC gene expression than non-cannabis-smoking individuals. Epithelial MUC5AC protein expression in cell cultures correlated with worse clinical outcomes and imaging abnormalities. Conclusions. Cannabis smoking, particularly at high exposures, is associated with worse respiratory symptoms, lower lung function, functional imaging abnormalities, and dysregulated immune responses in the airway epithelium. These observations suggest respiratory harm associated with cannabis smoking and underscore the concerns for future respiratory morbidities related to persistent cannabis use.
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Project description:Medical cannabis has been increasingly prescribed for a range of conditions including epilepsy, chronic neuropathic pain, and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. The benefits and possible adverse events of medical-grade cannabis products vary between patients, suggesting that genetics may play a role in the pharmacokinetics of the cannabinoids, yet regulatory restrictions have led to limited clinical studies. This study is aimed at identifying a genetic signature that is predictive of the pharmacokinetics of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal intoxicating chemical compound derived from cannabis. We have identified 55 variants among 38 genes that were overrepresented in either the Low-THC or High-THC groups.
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