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Short-term dietary changes lead to windows of mucosal and systemic immune depression

ABSTRACT: Short-term dietary changes lead to windows of mucosal and systemic immune depression

PROVIDER: PRJEB60925 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	ERR11678336.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR11678337.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR11678338.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR11678339.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR11678340.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Synchronized response of CD4+ T cells to short-term dietary changes leads to windows of mucosal and systemic immune depression

Project description:Synchronized response of CD4+ T cells to short-term dietary changes leads to windows of mucosal and systemic immune depression

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Synchronized response of CD4+ T cells to short-term dietary changes - Tissue RNA sequencing diet change

Project description:Omnivorous animals, including mice and humans, tend to prefer energy-dense nutrients rich in fat over plant-based diets, especially for short periods of time. The health consequences of this short-term consumption of energy-dense nutrients remain still unclear. We found that every short-term, reiterated switches to feast diets mimicking our social eating behavior, breached the potential buffering effect of the intestinal microbiota and deeply reorganized the immunological architecture of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. The first dietary switch was sufficient to induce transient mucosal immune depression and suppress systemic, antigen-specific immunity leading to higher susceptibility to Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes infections. This was explained by a reduction of CD4+ T cell metabolic fitness and cytokine production due to impaired mTOR activity in response to withdrawal of microbial provision of fiber metabolites. Reintroducing dietary fiber efficiently rewired T cell metabolism and restored both mucosal and systemic CD4+ T cell functions and immunity. Finally, dietary intervention study in human volunteers confirmed the impact of short-term dietary switches on human CD4+ T cell functionality. This work reveals that short-term nutritional changes cause a drastic yet transient depression of both mucosal and systemic immunity, creating windows of opportunities for pathogenic infections.

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Synchronized response of CD4+ T cells to short-term dietary changes - Tissue RNA sequencing diet change (baseline)

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Synchronized response of CD4+ T cells to short-term dietary changes leads to windows of mucosal and systemic immune depression

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

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Short-term dietary changes can result in mucosal and systemic immune depression.

Project description:Omnivorous animals, including mice and humans, tend to prefer energy-dense nutrients rich in fat over plant-based diets, especially for short periods of time, but the health consequences of this short-term consumption of energy-dense nutrients are unclear. Here, we show that short-term reiterative switching to 'feast diets', mimicking our social eating behavior, breaches the potential buffering effect of the intestinal microbiota and reorganizes the immunological architecture of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. The first dietary switch was sufficient to induce transient mucosal immune depression and suppress systemic immunity, leading to higher susceptibility to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes infections. The ability to respond to antigenic challenges with a model antigen was also impaired. These observations could be explained by a reduction of CD4+ T cell metabolic fitness and cytokine production due to impaired mTOR activity in response to reduced microbial provision of fiber metabolites. Reintroducing dietary fiber rewired T cell metabolism and restored mucosal and systemic CD4+ T cell functions and immunity. Finally, dietary intervention with human volunteers confirmed the effect of short-term dietary switches on human CD4+ T cell functionality. Therefore, short-term nutritional changes cause a transient depression of mucosal and systemic immunity, creating a window of opportunity for pathogenic infection.

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