Genome-wide binding of RctB initiator reveals the mechanism coordinating the replication of Vibrio cholerae two chromosomes.
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB63079 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other | ||||
| ERR12420106_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR12420106_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR12492335.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR12492336.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Replication and segregation are the two main processes that maintain chromosomes in growing cells. In bacteria, replication and transcription have been proposed to provide motive force in chromosome segregation. Recently, ParB2, a segregation protein, encoded by V. cholerae chromosome II (chrII) was also found to influence chrII replication. V. cholerae chrII replication is primarily controlled by its specific initiator protein, RctB. Here, we have screened for ParB2 and RctB binding sites using a genome-wide DNA binding analysis (ChIP-chip). We report the identification of a new region containing additional RctB and ParB2 binding sites, and suggest the mechanisms to coordinate replication initiation with segregation of chromosomes. ParB2 binding DNA (Cy5) vs total DNA (input, Cy3) in wildtype (CVC209), RctB binding DNA (Cy5) vs total DNA (input, Cy3) in wildtype (CVC209), RctB binding DNA (Cy5) vs total DNA (input, Cy3) in MCH1 (CVC2099, rctB-deleted strain), Biological replicates: 3 or 2
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Project description:The RctB protein binds to the origin of replication of Vibrio cholerae chromosome II (chrII) and is required for oriCIIVc-based replication. Here, we found that RctB acts as an autorepressor, inhibiting rctB transcription. Integration host factor promotes rctB transcription, while Dam and DnaA, factors required for replication of both V. cholerae chromosomes, influence RctB autorepression. Thus, RctB appears to regulate chrII replication as both an initiator and a transcription repressor, and its synthesis is modulated by factors that govern replication of both chromosomes.
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Project description:Vibrio cholerae, the agent of cholera, has two circular chromosomes. In bacteria that contain a single chromosome, initiation of chromosome DNA replication is mediated by DnaA, a AAA+ ATPase that unwinds the origin of replication. There is little knowledge regarding initiation of chromosome replication in bacteria with more than one chromosome. Here, we purified V. cholerae DnaA and RctB, which have been implicated in the replication of V. cholerae chromosome II, and characterized their activities in vitro. We found that RctB has origin-specific unwinding activity and can melt the origin of chromosome II (oriCIIvc) but not the origin of chromosome I (oriCIvc); conversely, DnaA promoted the unwinding of oriCIvc and not oriCIIvc. The activity of DnaA and several plasmid initiator proteins is stimulated by ATP binding. We found that RctB bound and hydrolyzed ATP even though RctB lacks any apparent ATP-binding motifs. However, we unexpectedly found that ATP inhibited the oriCIIvc binding activity of RctB, suggesting that the ATP-bound form of RctB cannot initiate replication of chromosome II. Supporting this idea, we identified an RctB mutant that does not bind ATP and found that expression of this ATP-blind RctB mutant in V. cholerae leads to significant overinitiation of chromosome II and marked inhibition of V. cholerae growth. These observations suggest that the rules that license the replication of the two V. cholerae chromosomes differ.
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Project description:RctB, the initiator of replication of Vibrio cholerae chromosome 2 (chr2), binds to the origin of replication to specific 12-mer sites both as a monomer and a dimer. Binding to 12-mers is essential for initiation. The monomers also bind to a second kind of site, 39-mers, which inhibits initiation. Mutations in rctB that reduce dimer binding increase monomer binding to 12-mers but decrease monomer binding to 39-mers. The mechanism of this paradoxical binding behavior has been unclear. Using deletion and alanine substitution mutants of RctB, we have now localized to a 71 amino acid region residues important for binding to the two kinds of DNA sites and for RctB dimerization. We find that the dimerization domain overlaps with both the DNA binding domains, explaining how changes in the dimerization domain can alter both kinds of DNA binding. Moreover, dimerization-defective mutants could be initiation-defective without apparent DNA binding defect. These results suggest that dimerization might be important for initiation beyond its role in controlling DNA binding. The finding that determinants of crucial initiator functions reside in a small region makes the region an attractive target for anti-V. cholerae drugs.
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