Dietary cystine restriction increases the proliferative capacity of the small intestine of mice
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB63227 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERR11563765_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR11563765_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR11563766_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR11563766_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR11563767_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Cysteine is a semi-essential amino acid provided by dietary intake of mainly meat, eggs and whole grains or via the amino acid methionine. The majority of dietary cystine is absorbed in the small intestine and can be used for protein synthesis or converted to taurine and glutathione. Since there is a trend towards adopting a vegetarian/vegan diet, which is low in cysteine, in this study, we investigate the effect of dietary cystine restriction on intestinal epithelial layer function. Mice (8/group) received a normal diet or a diet low in cystine for 2 weeks. We observed no changes in plasma methionine, cysteine, taurine or glutathione levels after 2 weeks. Stem cell markers as well as the proliferation marker Ki67 were or tended to be increased upon cystine restriction. Gene set enrichment analysis reveals enrichment of Wnt signaling in the small intestine of mice on the low cystine diet. These proliferative effects were not observed in the colon, and are thus specific for the small intestine. In the colon, we observed that dietary cystine restriction results in an increase in the number of goblet cells but no significant changes in the thickness of the mucus barrier or in its protective capacity. There was no difference in the microbiome between the normal and low cystine diet. Overall, we cannot conclude if dietary cystine restriction is beneficial, since increased proliferation and goblet cells can indicate a potential for damage repair, nevertheless hyperproliferation has the potential to induce cancer as well.
2023-09-01 | GSE234566 | GEO
Project description:Dietary cystine restriction increases the proliferative capacity of the small intestine of mice
| PRJNA982067 | ENA
Project description:Currently, over 88 million people are estimated to have adopted a vegan or vegetarian diet. Cysteine is a semi-essential amino acid, which availability is largely dependent on dietary intake of meat, eggs and whole grains. Vegan/vegetarian diets are therefore inherently low in cysteine. Sufficient uptake of cysteine is crucial, as it serves as substrate for protein synthesis and can be converted to taurine and glutathione. We found earlier that intermolecular cystine bridges are essential for the barrier function of the intestinal mucus layer. Therefore, we now investigate the effect of low dietary cystine on the intestine. Mice (8/group) received a high fat diet with a normal or low cystine concentration for 2 weeks. We observed no changes in plasma methionine, cysteine, taurine or glutathione levels or bile acid conjugation after 2 weeks of low cystine feeding. In the colon, dietary cystine restriction results in an increase in goblet cell numbers, and a borderline significant increase mucus layer thickness. Gut microbiome composition and expression of stem cell markers did not change on the low cystine diet. Remarkably, stem cell markers, as well as the proliferation marker Ki67, were increased upon cystine restriction in the small intestine. In line with this, gene set enrichment analysis indicated enrichment of Wnt signaling in the small intestine of mice on the low cystine diet, indicative of increased epithelial proliferation. In conclusion, 2 weeks of cystine restriction did not result in apparent systemic effects, but the low cystine diet increased the proliferative capacity specifically of the small intestine and induced the number of goblet cells in the colon.
| S-EPMC10769047 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Liver-Specific Overexpression of HKDC1 Increases Hepatocyte Size and Proliferative Capacity
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Project description:Adenosine impairs the proliferative capacity of terminally mature NK cells
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Project description:Small molecule oxybutynin rescues proliferative capacity of complex III-defective MPCs
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Project description:Altered metabolism is an important part of malignant transformation of tumor cells. Oncogenic transformation may reprogram tumor metabolism and render tumor cells addicted to extracellular nutrients. Such nutrient addictions associated with oncogenic mutations may offer therapeutic opportunities; however, it remains difficult to predict these nutrient addictions. Here, we performed a nutrigenetic screen to determine the phenotypes of isogenic pairs of clear-cell renal cancer cells (ccRCC) with or without VHL upon the deprivation of individual amino acids. We identified that cystine deprivation triggered rapid programmed necrosis in VHL-deficient RCC, but not in their VHL-restored counterparts. Similar cystine addiction was also observed in VHL-deficient primary RCC tumors cells. Blockage of cystine uptake significantly delayed xenograft growth of ccRCC. Importantly, cystine deprivation triggered similar metabolic changes regardless of VHL status. Therefore, metabolic differences due to cystine deprivation are not different enough to readily explain the distinct fate of life vs. death in VHL-deficient and restored cell.. Instead, we found that increased levels of TNFα associated with VHL loss in the VHL-deficient RCC force them to rely on intact RIPK1 to inhibit apoptosis. However, this pre-existing elevated TNFα in the VHL-deficient ccRCC renders these cells susceptible to the necrosis signaling triggered by cystine deprivation. In addition, we identified that cystine-deprived necrosis in VHL-deficient RCC depends on reciprocal amplification of the Src-p38-Noxa signaling and TNFα-RIP1/3-MLKL necrosis pathways that culminate in MLKL oligomerization and programmed necrosis. Together, our data reveal that the contextual cystine-addictions in VHL-deficient ccRCC is dependent on activating pre-existing oncogenic pathways to trigger programmed necrosis. RNA was extracted by RNAeasy kits (Qiagen) from the RCC4 Vec and VHL-reconstituted cells which were exposed to the control full DMEM or cystine deprived DMEM media for 6 hours (three replicates in each condition).
2016-07-01 | E-GEOD-60422 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Purpose: To identify differentially expressed genes regulated by cystine. Methods: HCT116 or RKO cells were cultured for 48 hours in cystine-free or 25μM cystine-containing conditional media, and three independent samples were collected by Trizol reagent and subjected to mRNA-sequencing by the LC Bio (Zhejiang, China) and data analysis Results: we identified cystine upregulated 145 genes and downregulated 169 genes in both HCT116 and RKO cells. GO enrichment analysis revealed that cystine regulated biological functions of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle and regulation of DNA replication biosynthetic process.In addition, KEGG enrichment analysis showed that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, a well-known nutrient sensor, was regulated by cystine. Furthermore,we noticed that SESN2 was one of the most significantly downregulated genes by cystine in both cell lines, and confirmed that cystine activates mTORC1 via the GCN2-ATF4-SESN2 axis in colon cancer cells. Conclusions: Our study established that cystine activates mTORC1 through GCN2-ATF4-SESN2 axis.
2021-04-16 | GSE157894 | GEO
Project description:A primary role of the liver is to regulate whole body glucose homeostasis. Glucokinase (GCK) is the main hexokinase (HK) expressed in hepatocytes and functions to phosphorylate the glucose that enters via GLUT transporters to become glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), which subsequently commits glucose to enter downstream anabolic and catabolic pathways. In the recent years, Hexokinase Domain-Containing-1 (HKDC1), a novel 5th HK, has been characterized by our group and others. Its expression profile varies but has been identified to have low basal expression in normal liver but increases during states of stress including pregnancy, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and liver cancer. Here, we have developed a stable overexpression model of hepatic HKDC1 in mice to examine its effect on metabolic regulation. We found that HKDC1 overexpression, over time, causes impaired glucose homeostasis in male mice and shifts glucose metabolism towards anabolic pathways with an increase in nucleotide synthesis. Furthermore, we observed these mice to have larger liver sizes due to greater hepatocyte proliferative potential and cell size, which in part, is mediated via Yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling
2023-03-20 | GSE227535 | GEO
Project description:Excess cysteine (and cystine) is known to be toxic in organisms. Due to the absence of cysteine dioxygenase (involved in degradation of excess cysteine in humans and pathogenic fungi) in non pathogenic fungi such as S. cerevisiae, mechanism of cysteine (and cystine) tolerance is yet to be addressed.
2017-06-13 | GSE87794 | GEO