Towards an understanding of the factors controlling bacterial diversity and activity in semi-passive Fe- and As oxidizing bioreactors treating arsenic-rich acid mine drainage
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PROVIDER: PRJEB63466 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Characterize the dynamic of the bacterial communities mediating iron and arsenic removal in these two bioreactors, and to explore the influence of environmental and operational drivers on their diversity and activity.
| PRJEB59446 | ENA
Project description:Characterize the dynamic of the bacterial communities mediating iron and arsenic removal in these two bioreactors, and to explore the influence of environmental and operational drivers on their diversity and activity.
| PRJEB59409 | ENA
Project description:Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses to surface and coastal waters are still critically high across Europe and globally. Measures to mitigate and reduce these losses are being implemented both at the cultivated land surface and at the edge-of-fields. Woodchip bioreactors represent a new alternative in Denmark for treating agricultural drainage water, and the present study-based on two years of data from five Danish field-based bioreactors-determined N removal rates varying from 1.49 to 5.37 g N m-3 d-1 and a mean across all bioreactors and years of 2.90 g N m-3 d-1. The loss of phosphorus was relatively high the first year after bioreactor establishment with rates varying from 298.4 to 890.8 mg P m-3 d-1, but in the second year, the rates ranged from 12.2 to 77.2 mg P m-3 d-1. The investments and the costs of the bioreactors were larger than expected based on Danish standard investments. The cost efficiency analysis found the key issues to be the need for larger investments in the bioreactor itself combined with higher advisory costs. For the four woodchip bioreactors considered in the cost efficiency analysis, the N removal cost was around DKK 350 per kg N ($50 per kg N), which is ca. 50% higher than the standard costs defined by the Danish authorities. Based on the estimated costs of the four bioreactor facilities included in this analysis, a bioreactor is one of the most expensive nitrogen reduction measures compared to other mitigation tools.
| S-EPMC10275798 | biostudies-literature
Project description:For acceleration of removing toxic metals from acid mine drainage (AMD), the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and pH on the reactor performance and microbial community structure in the depth direction of a laboratory-scale packed-bed bioreactor containing rice bran as waste organic material were investigated. The HRT was shortened stepwise from 25 to 12 h, 8 h, and 6 to 5 h under the neutral condition using AMD neutralized with limestone (pH 6.3), and from 25 to 20 h, 12 h, and 8 to 7 h under the acid condition using AMD (pH 3.0). Under the neutral condition, the bioreactor stably operated up to 6 h HRT, which was shorter than under the acid condition (up to 20 h HRT). During stable sulfate reduction, both the organic matter-remaining condition and the low oxidation-reduction potential condition in lower parts of the reactor were observed. Principal coordinate analysis of Illumina sequencing data of 16S rRNA genes revealed a dynamic transition of the microbial communities at the boundary between stable and unstable operation in response to reductions in HRT. During stable operation under both the neutral and acid conditions, several fermentative operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes dominated in lower parts of the bioreactor, suggesting that co-existence of these OTUs might lead to metabolic activation of sulfate-reducing bacteria. In contrast, during unstable operation at shorter HRTs, an OTU from the candidate phylum OP11 were found under both conditions. This study demonstrated that these microorganisms can be used to monitor the treatment of AMD, which suggests stable or deteriorated performance of the system.
| S-EPMC5487312 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose: The intestine's main function is to digest and absorb dietary nutrients, with help from the absorptive epithelium and underlying vasculature and lymphatic system, as well as the microbiome. The intestine also houses the largest immune cell population in the body, tasked with providing resistance to toxins and invading pathogens while maintaining tolerance to dietary and microbial antigens, either by local action or lymphatic trafficking to the gut-draining lymph nodes (gLNs) to mount adaptive responses. While previous studies revealed the drainage map to various gLNs along the murine gut, and described immunological differences between gLNs, the underlying cellular components and the functional consequences of gut segment-specific drainage have not been systematically addressed. We sought to understand how compartmentalized lymphatic drainage of the intestinal milieu contributes to immune responses towards luminal antigens. Results: Here we report that gLNs are immunologically unique according to the functional gut segment they drain. Stromal and dendritic cell gene signatures, as well as adaptive T cell polarization against the same luminal antigen, differed between gLNs along the intestine, the proximal small intestine–draining gLNs preferentially giving rise to tolerogenic and the distal gLNs to pro-inflammatory T cell responses. This compartmentalized dichotomy could be perturbed by duodenal infection, surgical removal of select distal gLNs, dysbiosis, or ectopic antigen delivery, impacting both lymphoid organ and tissue immune responses. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that the conflict between tolerogenic and inflammatory adaptive responses is in part resolved by discrete gLN drainage, and encourage gut segment-specific antigen targeting for therapeutic immune modulation.
2019-04-10 | GSE121811 | GEO
Project description:The meningeal lymphatic network—housed within the dural meninges surrounding the brain— is critical for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. Through continuous brain interstitial fluid (ISF) mixing with CSF via the glymphatic system, this lymphatic network facilitates the removal of central nervous system (CNS) waste. During aging and in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), attenuated meningeal lymphatic drainage promotes the buildup of toxic misfolded proteins—including amyloid beta—in the CNS. Alleviating this age-related meningeal lymphatic dysfunction represents a promising therapeutic strategy to alleviate AD pathology. However, the mechanisms underlying this lymphatic decline remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that age-related alterations in meningeal immunity contribute to meningeal lymphatic impairment. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of dural lymphatic endothelial cells in aged mice demonstrated a response signature to the cytokine IFNγ, which was elevated in the aged dura due to meningeal T cell accumulation. Chronic elevation of IFNγ in the meninges of young mice via AAV-mediated overexpression altered lymphatic adherans junctions and impaired CSF drainage to deep cervical lymph nodes—comparable to the deficits observed in aged mice. Direct disruption of lymphatic junctions via CSF-delivered VE-Cadherin disrupting antibodies was sufficient to phenocopy impairments in CSF drainage. Therapeutically, IFNγ neutralization in aged mice alleviated age-related impairments in meningeal lymphatic function. These data suggest manipulation of meningeal immunity as a viable therapeutic target to normalize CSF drainage in aged mice and alleviate the pathology in AD mice associated with impaired waste removal.
2023-03-10 | GSE217312 | GEO
Project description:The meningeal lymphatic network—housed within the dural meninges surrounding the brain— is critical for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. Through continuous brain interstitial fluid (ISF) mixing with CSF via the glymphatic system, this lymphatic network facilitates the removal of central nervous system (CNS) waste. During aging and in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), attenuated meningeal lymphatic drainage promotes the buildup of toxic misfolded proteins—including amyloid beta—in the CNS. Alleviating this age-related meningeal lymphatic dysfunction represents a promising therapeutic strategy to alleviate AD pathology. However, the mechanisms underlying this lymphatic decline remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that age-related alterations in meningeal immunity contribute to meningeal lymphatic impairment. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of dural lymphatic endothelial cells in aged mice demonstrated a response signature to the cytokine IFNγ, which was elevated in the aged dura due to meningeal T cell accumulation. Chronic elevation of IFNγ in the meninges of young mice via AAV-mediated overexpression altered lymphatic adherans junctions and impaired CSF drainage to deep cervical lymph nodes—comparable to the deficits observed in aged mice. Direct disruption of lymphatic junctions via CSF-delivered VE-Cadherin disrupting antibodies was sufficient to phenocopy impairments in CSF drainage. Therapeutically, IFNγ neutralization in aged mice alleviated age-related impairments in meningeal lymphatic function. These data suggest manipulation of meningeal immunity as a viable therapeutic target to normalize CSF drainage in aged mice and alleviate the pathology in AD mice associated with impaired waste removal.
2023-03-10 | GSE217276 | GEO
Project description:Sulfidogenic biochemical reactors (BCRs) for metal removal that use complex organic carbon have been shown to be effective in laboratory studies, but their performance in the field is highly variable. Successful operation depends on the types of microorganisms supported by the organic matrix, and factors affecting the community composition are unknown. A molecular survey of a field-based BCR that had been removing zinc and arsenic for over 6 years revealed that the microbial community was dominated by methanogens related to Methanocorpusculum sp. and Methanosarcina sp., which co-occurred with Bacteroidetes environmental groups, such as Vadin HA17, in places where the organic matter was more degraded. The metabolic potential for organic matter decomposition by Ruminococcaceae was prevalent in samples with more pyrolyzable carbon. Rhodobium- and Hyphomicrobium-related genera within the Rhizobiales order that have the metabolic potential for dark hydrogen fermentation and methylotrophy, and unclassified Comamonadaceae were the dominant Proteobacteria. The unclassified environmental group Sh765B-TzT-29 was an important Delta-Proteobacteria group in this BCR that co-occurred with the dominant Rhizobiales operational taxonomic units. Organic matter degradation is one driver for shifting the microbial community composition and therefore possibly the performance of these bioreactors over time.
| S-EPMC4351619 | biostudies-literature