U6 snRNA m6A modification is required for accurate and efficient splicing of C. elegans and human pre-mRNAs
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB65287 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERR12829706.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR12829707.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR12829708.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR12829709.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR12829710.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Maintenance of the intracellular levels of the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is essential for a wide variety of biological processes. We demonstrate that the N6-adenosine methyltransferase METTL16 regulates expression of MAT2A, which encodes the only SAM synthetase expressed in most cells. Upon SAM depletion by methionine starvation, cells induce MAT2A expression by enhanced splicing of a retained intron. Induction requires METTL16 and its methylation substrate, a vertebrate conserved hairpin (hp1) in the MAT2A 3´ UTR. Increasing METTL16 occupancy on the MAT2A 3´ UTR is sufficient to induce efficient splicing. We propose that under SAM-limiting conditions, METTL16 occupancy on hp1 increases due to inefficient enzymatic turnover, which in turn promotes MAT2A splicing. Interestingly, human and S. pombe METTL16 methylate the U6 spliceosomal snRNA at a sequence identical to hp1. These observations suggest that the conserved U6 snRNA methyltransferase evolved an additional function in vertebrates to regulate SAM homeostasis.
2017-05-18 | GSE90914 | GEO
Project description:pre-mRNA splicing is a critical feature of eukaryotic gene expression. Both cis- and trans-splicing rely on accurately recognising splice site sequences by spliceosomal U snRNAs and associated proteins. Spliceosomal snRNAs carry multiple RNA modifications with the potential to affect different stages of pre-mRNA splicing. Here, we show that the conserved U6 snRNA m6A methyltransferase METT-10 is required for accurate and efficient cis- and trans-splicing of C. elegans pre-mRNAs. The absence of METT-10 in C. elegans and METTL16 in humans primarily leads to alternative splicing at 5' splice sites with an adenosine at +4 position. In addition, METT-10 is required for splicing of weak 3' cis- and trans-splice sites. We identified a significant overlap between METT-10 and the conserved splicing factor SNRNP27K in regulating 5' splice sites with +4A. Finally, we show that editing endogenous 5' splice site +4A positions to +4U restores splicing to wild-type positions in a mett-10 mutant background, supporting a direct role for U6 snRNA m6A modification in 5' splice site recognition. We conclude that the U6 snRNA m6A modification is important for accurate and efficient pre-mRNA splicing.
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Project description:Mpn1 proteins are evolutionarily conserved exonucleases that modify spliceosomal U6 small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) post-transcriptionally. Mutations in the human MPN1 gene are associated to the genodermatosis Clericuzio-type poikiloderma with neutropenia (PN). Mpn1 deficiency leads to aberrant U6 3M-bM-^@M-^Y end processing and accelerated U6 decay through unknown molecular mechanisms. Here we show that in mpn1M-NM-^T fission yeast cells U6 is barely bound by the protective Lsm2-8 complex, undergoes extensive oligoadenylation and is degraded by the nuclear RNA exonuclease Rrp6 independently of the poly(A) polymerase Cid14/Trf4. Mpn1 processes U6 in a spliceosome-dependent manner, as mutant U6 molecules that fail to join the spliceosome are not substrates for Mpn1. Moreover, human U6atac, the U6-like snRNA of the minor spliceosome, is a novel substrate for hMpn1. We unveil mechanistic details of a new U6 degradation pathway and further corroborate the notion that inefficient canonical and minor pre-mRNA splicing promotes PN. the 3' termini of U6 or tagged-U6 species from the indicated mutant cells were compared to wt yeast strain
2014-08-08 | E-GEOD-60195 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:RNA ligation precedes U6 snRNA/LINE-1 retrotransposition
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Project description:RNA ligation precedes U6 snRNA/LINE-1 retrotransposition
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Project description:During organogenesis, the establishment of tissue architecture requires precise RNA processing. Many developmentally essential exons bear weak 5′ splice sites (5′SS) yet are spliced with high precision, implying unknown yet active splicing fidelity mechanisms. Combining transcriptome and alternative splicing profiling and with temporal eCLIP mapping of RNA interactions across development, we identify the RNA-binding protein QKI as an essential direct regulator of splicing fidelity in key cardiac transcripts. Although QKI is dispensable for cardiac lineage specification, its loss disrupts sarcomere assembly despite intact expression of sarcomere mRNAs through exon skipping and intron retention in key sarcomeric mRNAs. QKI-dependent exons in essential cardiac genes have weak 5′SS and frequently show poor complementarity with U6 snRNA; we show that QKI directly interacts with U6 snRNA using an overlapping interface to its traditional intronic binding activity, securing U4/U6·U5 tri-snRNP recruitment to ensure exon inclusion. Thus, QKI exemplifies how context-aware RBPs enforce splicing fidelity at structurally vulnerable splice sites by coupling local intronic cues to spliceosome engagement, thereby securing accurate exon inclusion during organogenesis.
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Project description:During organogenesis, the establishment of tissue architecture requires precise RNA processing. Many developmentally essential exons bear weak 5′ splice sites (5′SS) yet are spliced with high precision, implying unknown yet active splicing fidelity mechanisms. Combining transcriptome and alternative splicing profiling and with temporal eCLIP mapping of RNA interactions across development, we identify the RNA-binding protein QKI as an essential direct regulator of splicing fidelity in key cardiac transcripts. Although QKI is dispensable for cardiac lineage specification, its loss disrupts sarcomere assembly despite intact expression of sarcomere mRNAs through exon skipping and intron retention in key sarcomeric mRNAs. QKI-dependent exons in essential cardiac genes have weak 5′SS and frequently show poor complementarity with U6 snRNA; we show that QKI directly interacts with U6 snRNA using an overlapping interface to its traditional intronic binding activity, securing U4/U6·U5 tri-snRNP recruitment to ensure exon inclusion. Thus, QKI exemplifies how context-aware RBPs enforce splicing fidelity at structurally vulnerable splice sites by coupling local intronic cues to spliceosome engagement, thereby securing accurate exon inclusion during organogenesis.
2025-09-17 | GSE306688 | GEO
Project description:During organogenesis, the establishment of tissue architecture requires precise RNA processing. Many developmentally essential exons bear weak 5′ splice sites (5′SS) yet are spliced with high precision, implying unknown yet active splicing fidelity mechanisms. Combining transcriptome and alternative splicing profiling and with temporal eCLIP mapping of RNA interactions across development, we identify the RNA-binding protein QKI as an essential direct regulator of splicing fidelity in key cardiac transcripts. Although QKI is dispensable for cardiac lineage specification, its loss disrupts sarcomere assembly despite intact expression of sarcomere mRNAs through exon skipping and intron retention in key sarcomeric mRNAs. QKI-dependent exons in essential cardiac genes have weak 5′SS and frequently show poor complementarity with U6 snRNA; we show that QKI directly interacts with U6 snRNA using an overlapping interface to its traditional intronic binding activity, securing U4/U6·U5 tri-snRNP recruitment to ensure exon inclusion. Thus, QKI exemplifies how context-aware RBPs enforce splicing fidelity at structurally vulnerable splice sites by coupling local intronic cues to spliceosome engagement, thereby securing accurate exon inclusion during organogenesis.
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Project description:pre-mRNA splicing is a critical feature of eukaryotic gene expression. Many eukaryotes use cis-splicing to remove intronic sequences from pre-mRNAs. In addition to cis-splicing, many organisms use trans-splicing to replace the 5' ends of mRNAs with a non-coding spliced-leader RNA. Both cis- and trans-splicing rely on accurately recognising splice site sequences by spliceosomal U snRNAs and associated proteins. Spliceosomal snRNAs carry multiple RNA modifications with the potential to affect different stages of pre-mRNA splicing. Here, we show that m6A modification of U6 snRNA A43 by the RNA methyltransferase METT-10 is required for accurate and efficient cis- and trans-splicing of C. elegans pre-mRNAs. The absence of U6 snRNA m6A modification primarily leads to alternative splicing at 5' splice sites. Furthermore, weaker 5' splice site recognition by the unmodified U6 snRNA A43 affects splicing at 3' splice sites. U6 snRNA m6A43 and the splicing factor SNRNP27K function to recognise an overlapping set of 5' splice sites with an adenosine at +4 position. Finally, we show that U6 snRNA m6A43 is required for efficient SL trans-splicing at weak 3' trans-splice sites. We conclude that the U6 snRNA m6A modification is important for accurate and efficient cis- and trans-splicing in C. elegans.
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Project description:How the relatively evolutionarily conserved spliceosome is able to manage the enormously expanded number of splicing events that occur in humans (~200,000 vs. ~400 reported for yeast) is not well understood. Here, we show deposition of one RNA modification-N2-methylguanosine (m2G)-on the G72 nucleoside of U6 snRNA (known to function as the catalytic center of the spliceosome) results in profoundly increased pre-mRNA splicing activity in human cells. This U6 m2G72 modification is conserved among vertebrates. Further, we demonstrate that THUMPD2 is the methyltransferase responsible for U6 m2G72 and show that it interacts with an auxiliary protein (TRMT112) to specifically recognize both sequence and structural elements of U6. THUMPD2 KO blocks U6 m2G72 and down-regulates the pre-mRNA splicing activity of major spliceosome, yielding thousands of changed alternative splicing events of endogenous pre-mRNAs. Notably, the aberrantly spliced pre-mRNA population of the THUMPD2 KO cells elicits the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway and restricts cell proliferation. We also show that THUMPD2-mediated control of the U6 m2G72 modification is associated with age-related macular degeneration and retinal function. Our study thus demonstrates how an RNA epigenetic modification of the major spliceosome differentially regulates global mRNA splicing and impacts physiology and disease.
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