Onset of circadian rhythmicity in the brain of Atlantic salmon is linked to exogenous feeding
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB74272 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERR13909400_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR13909400_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR13909401_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR13909401_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| ERR13909402_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:An organism's biological processes are adapted to and driven by rhythmicity in the natural environment and periodicity of light is one of the most influential factors. In a developing organism, the onset of circadian rhythmicity might indicate the time point of functional necessity for aligning processes to the environment. Here, the circadian clock mechanism has been studied in the developing brain of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), by comparing the endogenous feeding alevin, independent on the environment for nutritional supply, to the exogenous feeding fry, dependent on the light period for detecting and catching prey. The results showed that while only a few clock genes were cyclic in the yolk sac alevins, many of the clock genes and genes of the circadian rhythm pathway cycled significantly in the feeding fry. Few genes were differentially expressed between time points in the circadian sampling series during the yolk sac stage, but several hundred genes were found differentially expressed in the first feeding stage. Genes important for cell cycle progression were cyclic or differentially expressed between time points after exogenous feeding, indicating a clock-controlled cell cycle at this stage. The expression of important genes in the melatonin synthesis were also cyclic in the feeding fry with an acrophase in the transition between light and dark or in darkness. Analyzing the impact of exogenous feeding on the developing brain supported a shift from utilization of proteins and lipids in the yolk to utilization and allocation of dietary energy and nutrients. Taken together, the life history transition related to onset of exogenous feeding is linked to the establishment of a persistent circadian rhythmicity in the salmon brain, which needs to be synchronized to light-dark cycles to enable the fry to search and capture feed.
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Project description:The onset of exogenous feeding, when juveniles emerge from the gravel, is a critical event for salmonids where early emergence and large size provide a competitive advantage in the wild. Studying 131 farmed, hybrid and wild Norwegian Atlantic salmon families, originating from four wild populations and two commercial strains, we investigated whether approximately 10 generations of selection for faster growth has also resulted in increased somatic growth prior to the onset of exogenous feeding. In addition, we tested whether relaxed selection in farms has allowed for alterations in hatching time between farmed and wild salmon. Across three cohorts, wild salmon families hatched earlier than farmed salmon families, while hybrid families displayed intermediate hatching times. While the observed differences were small, i.e., 1-15 degree-days (0-3 days, as water temperatures were c. 5-6°C), these data suggest additive genetic variation for hatching time. Alevin length prior to exogenous feeding was positively related to egg size. After removal of egg size effects, no systematic differences in alevin length were observed between the wild and farmed salmon families. While these results indicate additive genetic variation for egg development timing, and wild salmon families consistently hatched earlier than farmed salmon families, these differences were so small they are unlikely to significantly influence early life history competition of farmed and wild salmon in the natural environment. This is especially the case given that the timing of spawning among females can vary by several weeks in some rivers. The general lack of difference in size between farmed and wild alevins, strongly suggest that the documented differences in somatic growth rate between wild and farmed Norwegian Atlantic salmon under hatchery conditions are first detectable after the onset of exogenous feeding.
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