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Ancient DNA challenges prevailing interpretations of the Pompeii plaster casts

ABSTRACT: Ancient DNA challenges prevailing interpretations of the Pompeii plaster casts

PROVIDER: PRJEB74999 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	ERR13259918.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR13259919.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR13259920.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR13259921.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR13259922.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Ancient DNA challenges prevailing interpretations of the Pompeii plaster casts.

Project description:The eruption of Somma-Vesuvius in 79 CE buried several nearby Roman towns, killing the inhabitants and burying under pumice lapilli and ash deposits a unique set of civil and private buildings, monuments, sculptures, paintings, and mosaics that provide a rich picture of life in the empire. The eruption also preserved the forms of many of the dying as the ash compacted around their bodies. Although the soft tissue decayed, the outlines of the bodies remained and were recovered by excavators centuries later by filling the cavities with plaster. From skeletal material embedded in the casts, we generated genome-wide ancient DNA and strontium isotopic data to characterize the genetic relationships, sex, ancestry, and mobility of five individuals. We show that the individuals' sexes and family relationships do not match traditional interpretations, exemplifying how modern assumptions about gendered behaviors may not be reliable lenses through which to view data from the past. For example, an adult wearing a golden bracelet with a child on their lap-often interpreted as mother and child-is genetically an adult male biologically unrelated to the child. Similarly, a pair of individuals who were thought to have died in an embrace-often interpreted as sisters-included at least one genetic male. All Pompeiians with genome-wide data consistently derive their ancestry largely from recent immigrants from the eastern Mediterranean, as has also been seen in contemporaneous ancient genomes from the city of Rome, underscoring the cosmopolitanism of the Roman Empire in this period.

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Microarray analysis of mouse skeletal muscle atrophied by a plaster cast

Project description:Muscle atrophy is associated with aging (sarcopenia) and chronic unloading (such as bed confinement and immobilization with casts), as well as various pathological conditions such as type 1 diabetes and nerve injury (denervation). The hindlimb skeletal muscles of C57BL/6 mice (9 weeks old, male) were immobilized (unloaded) by a plaster cast. After 11 days, skeletal muscle was collected and RNA extracted. Expression of Dnmt3a was reduced while expression of Gdf5 was increased by plaster cast immobilization compared to age-matched control mice.

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