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Dissemination of Staphylococcus epidermidis in Swedish bovine dairy herds: minimal human overlap

ABSTRACT: Dissemination of Staphylococcus epidermidis in Swedish bovine dairy herds: minimal human overlap

PROVIDER: PRJEB79927 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	ERR13732900_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR13732900_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR13733702_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR13733702_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	ERR13734002_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Project description:Knowledge of zoonotic links between bovine and human isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis remains limited. The primary aim of this study was to assess the genetic relatedness of S. epidermidis isolates from bovine subclinical mastitis (SCM), bovine milk filters, healthy dairy farmers or farm personnel, and human hospital patients in Sweden, and to detect and compare genes encoding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence factors. A secondary aim was to explore the epidemiology of bovine S. epidermidis intramammary infections (IMI) by examining associations between genotypes and geographic location, persistence of IMI, severity of inflammatory response, and the persistence of S. epidermidis strains over time. A total of 283 S. epidermidis isolates were analyzed using whole genome sequencing (WGS): 128 SCM milk isolates, 55 milk filter isolates, 13 farmer/personnel isolates, and 87 human patient isolates. Sixty unique sequence types (STs) of S. epidermidis were identified. ST99, ST100, and ST570 were the most common among bovine isolates, collectively accounting for 49% (63/128) of the milk isolates and detected on multiple farms, while ST2 and ST215 were the most prevalent among human isolates. Only four STs (ST59, ST73, ST184, and ST218), representing a total of 13 isolates, were found in both bovine and human samples. Genes conferring AMR were more frequently identified in human patient isolates compared to bovine isolates. However, penicillin resistance, identified by presence of the blaZ gene, was detected in 42% of bovine S. epidermidis isolates. The average number of potential virulence factors (pVF) per isolate was 23.8 with 23.1 in milk isolates, 23.4 in milk filter isolates, 23.0 in farmer/personnel isolates, and 25.2 in human patient isolates. There was some variation in the total number of pVFs and the presence of specific pVFs or functional groups of pVFs between sample types and STs. In conclusion, the results indicate that the overlap of STs and AMR genes between human and bovine samples was minimal. However, the persistence of certain STs across multiple dairy farms suggests inter-farm transmission. This study provides new insights into the epidemiology of bovine S. epidermidis IMI, with implications for the control of these infections.

Project description:BackgroundInfections with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and bovine coronavirus (BoCV) are endemic to the cattle populations in most countries, causing respiratory and/or enteric disease. It has been demonstrated that herds can remain free from these infections for several years also in high prevalence areas. Organically managed (OM) dairy herds have been shown to have lower seroprevalence of both viruses compared to conventionally managed (CM) herds. The objective of this study was to challenge the hypothesis of a lower occurrence of BRSV and BoCV in OM compared to CM dairy herds. In November 2011, May 2012 and May 2013 milk samples from four homebred primiparous cows were collected in 75 to 65 OM and 69 to 62 CM herds. The antibody status regarding BRSV and BoCV was analysed with commercial indirect ELISAs. Herds were classified as positive if at least one individual sample was positive.ResultsThe prevalence of positive herds ranged from 73.4% to 82.3% for BRSV and from 76.8% to 85.3% for BoCV among OM and CM herds, over the three sampling occasions. There was no statistically significant difference between OM and CM herds at any sampling occasion. The incidence risk of newly infected herds did not differ statistically between OM and CM herds at any sampling occasion, neither for BRSV nor for BoCV. The incidence of herds turning sero-negative between samplings corresponded to the incidence of newly infected. Bulk tank milk (BTM) samples were also sampled in the herds and analysed. Several herds were negative on individual samples but positive in BTM. Herd-level data on production, health and reproduction were retrieved from VÄXA Sweden and the study herds were representative of the source population.ConclusionThere was no difference in prevalence of or incidence risk for BRSV or BoCV between Swedish OM and CM herds. Because the incidence of herds becoming seropositive was balanced by herds becoming seronegative it should be possible to lower the prevalence of these two infections among Swedish dairy cattle herds if biosecurity is improved.

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Dissemination of Staphylococcus epidermidis in Swedish bovine dairy herds: minimal human overlap

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