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Lead exposure’s role in brain evolution

ABSTRACT: Impact of intermittent lead exposure on hominid brain evolution

PROVIDER: PRJEB83863 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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Impact of intermittent lead exposure on hominid brain evolution

Project description:Lead Exposure and Human Brain Evolution: A 2-Million-Year Perspective This study reveals that lead exposure was pervasive throughout human evolution, not just a modern phenomenon. Researchers analyzed 51 fossil teeth from multiple hominid species spanning 2+ million years across three continents, finding lead exposure evidence in 73% of specimens using advanced laser ablation mass spectrometry. The team then used human brain organoids carrying either modern or archaic (Neanderthal-like) variants of the NOVA1 gene to test lead's neurological impacts. They discovered that the archaic variant showed greater vulnerability to lead-induced disruption of FOXP2 expression—a gene crucial for speech and language development. This suggests environmental lead exposure may have created evolutionary pressure favoring the modern human NOVA1 variant, potentially giving our species advantages in communication and social cohesion. The research challenges established paradigms about both environmental toxin history and human evolution, proposing that gene-environment interactions with neurotoxins helped shape our species' cognitive development over millions of years.

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Transcriptome changes in response to lead exposure

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Effect of Lead on Genome-Wide Expression in Developing Mouse Brain during Synaptogenesis

Project description:Lead exposure causes a variety of health effects, especially in children, that may include cognitive and behavioural problems. This study explores the mechanisms associated with this relationship by assessing alterations in gene expression of C57BL/6J pups treated with 50mg/kg lead compared to controls. In addition this study also analyzed brain gene expression differences in Metallothionein I and II (Mt-I and Mt-II) knockout mice treated with lead. Pups of three genotypes (C57BL/6J, Mt-KO with a C57BL/6J background and Heterozygote Mt-KO) were injected with lead acetate during synaptogenesis and weight-matched controls were injected with saline at the same time points. Whole brains were harvested and RNA extracted and pooled from 5 pups and hybridized to Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Arrays. In total 6 arrays were used, one for each genotype and treatment.

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Genetic Diversity Influences the Response of the Brain to Developmental Lead Exposure.

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