ABSTRACT: Inulin supplementation alters the gut microbiome and improves dysglycaemia following kidney transplantation: Results from the DIGEST pilot trial
Project description:The impact of PDF supplementation with alanyl-glutamine (AlaGln) on peritoneal immune-competence in 6 patients in an open-label, randomized, crossover pilot trial (EudraCT 2012-004004-36) was tested by relating functional test results to transcriptome changes (RNAseq and miRNA analysis) in PD effluent cells.
Project description:The impact of PDF supplementation with alanyl-glutamine (AlaGln) on peritoneal immune-competence in 6 patients in an open-label, randomized, crossover pilot trial (EudraCT 2012-004004-36) was tested by relating functional test results to transcriptome changes (RNAseq and miRNA analysis) in PD effluent cells.
Project description:Milk contains microRNAs (miRNAs) that are protected by extracellular vesicles (EV). Beyond variations among individuals, the nutritional conditions of cattle play a role in shaping these milk miRNA profiles. This study explored milk-derived EV-miRNA variations induced by inulin supplementation and analyzed involved pathways. Fourteen lactating cows with sub-clinical mastitis were equally and randomly divided into an inulin and a control group. Cows in the inulin group received 300 g/d inulin, while the control group did not. After one week of adaptation and five weeks of treatment, milk-derived EV-miRNAs from cows were isolated. Differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified via high-throughput sequencing. Functional enrichment analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, were conducted to examine the target genes of DE miRNAs. Inulin supplementation did not significantly alter miRNA length, the number of known miRNAs, or the read number of small RNAs.
Project description:MicroRNA (miRNA) profiles vary with the nutritional and pathological conditions of cattle. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of inulin supplement on miRNA profiles derived from serum extracellular vesicles (EVs). Our goal was to determine the differences in miRNA expressions and analyse the pathways in which they are involved. Based on the results of California mastitis test and milk somatic cell counts, ten lactating cows with subclinical mastitis were randomly divided into two groups: an inulin group and a control group (n = 5 in each group). The inulin group received a daily supplement of 300 g of inulin while the control group did not receive any supplementation. After a 5-week treatment period, serum-derived EV-miRNAs from each cow were isolated. High-throughput sequencing was conducted to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. GO and KEGG bioinformatics analysis was performed to examine the target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs. The EV-RNA concentration and small RNA content were not affected by the inulin treatment. A total of 162 known miRNAs and 180 novel miRNAs were identified from 10 samples in the two groups. Among the known miRNAs, 23 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed between the two groups, with 18 upregulated and five downregulated in the inulin group compared to the control group. Pathway analysis revealed the involvement of these differentially expressed miRNAs in the regulation of cell structure and function, lipid oxidation and metabolism, immunity and inflammation, as well as digestion and absorption of nutrients. Overall, our study provides a molecular-level explanation for the reported beneficial health effects of inulin supplementation in cows with subclinical mastitis.
Project description:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer in Canada. The most common surgical procedure in patients with CRC is an intestinal resection followed by a reconnection to rejoin the ends of the remaining bowel. Among the postoperative complications, leaking of this intestinal connection is notably feared, affecting up to 20% of patients. These leaks are characterized by impaired intestinal healing and are associated with severe infections and even death.
Various studies have shown that gut microbiota, the bacteria that live in the digestive tract, plays an essential role in intestinal healing following surgery. These results support the possibility of enhancing intestinal healing through supplements that act as an energy source for gut bacteria. Indeed, animal studies have shown that inulin supplementation, a fiber commonly found in plants, improves intestinal healing following bowel surgery. However, no studies in humans have evaluated its effects on CRC surgery patients.
This study aims to determine feasibility of a randomized controlled trial that assesses the effects of inulin supplementation before elective colorectal surgery.
Project description:Excessive consumption of fructose leads to various cardiometabolic diseases. However, inulin, dietary fiber composed of numerous fructose molecules, exerts health-beneficial effects. Here we report that inulin shifts fructose catabolism from the host organs to gut microbiome, reversing fructose-induced hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis and systemic glucose intolerance. Both simultaneous and delayed inulin intake enhances fructose clearance by the small intestinal microbiome, effectively reducing fructose dose reaching the liver and colon and thus suppressing hepatic lipogenesis. Inulin also activates the hepatic de novo serine synthesis pathway and cystine uptake to augment glutathione production and reduce oxidative stress. This dual effect of inulin is blocked by antibiotics and transmittable by fecal transplantation. Moreover, inulin-enriched Bacteroides acidifaciens is protective against HFCS-induced lipogenesis. Our data provide mechanistic insights into how fructose-polymer fiber inulin rewires gut microbial fructose catabolism and protects the host from excessive fructose exposure, paving the way to mitigate fructose-induced metabolic disease.
