Project description:we present an atlas of global gene expression as well as the evolutionary divergence covering embryo, endosperm and seed coat development in wheats and their diploid ancestors, providing insights into the evolution of gene expression in embryogenesis and grain development of wheat species.
Project description:The aim of this study was to develop an organ wise proteome map for Labeo rohita. Using LC-MS/MS, we have performed in-depth proteomics analysis of 19 different sample types, including 17 tissue samples, plasma from female fish and embryo 4-day post fertilization. Whole analysis resulted in the identification of more than more than 8000 proteins with 1% FDR of which more than 76% were identified with two or more than two unique peptides. The dataset show organ wise pattern of protein expression along with extensive catalogue of orgsn wise Post translational modification. This proteomic information would complement the recently published genome to accelerate further research.
Project description:This is a prospective, multicenter, randomized study to evaluate the clinical performance of a novel CADe device, WISE VISION Endoscopy System, in patients undergoing high-definition white light (HDWL) colonoscopy for screening or surveillance of colorectal Cancer (CRC).
Eligible subjects who meet the study inclusion/exclusion criteria will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to undergo colonoscopy :
* Experimental: CADe colonoscopy procedure with WISE VISION Endoscopy (CADe Group)
* Control: Standard Colonoscopy without CADe (Standard Colonoscopy Group)
Project description:Decomposition of soil organic matter in forest soils is thought to be controlled by the activity of saprotrophic fungi, while biotrophic fungi including ectomycorrhizal fungi act as vectors for input of plant carbon. The limited decomposing ability of ectomycorrhizal fungi is supported by recent findings showing that they have lost many of the genes that encode hydrolytic plant cell-wall degrading enzymes in their saprophytic ancestors. Nevertheless, here we demonstrate that ectomycorrhizal fungi representing at least four origins of symbiosis have retained significant capacity to degrade humus-rich litter amended with glucose. Spectroscopy showed that this decomposition involves an oxidative mechanism and that the extent of oxidation varies with the phylogeny and ecology of the species. RNA-Seq analyses revealed that the genome-wide set of expressed transcripts during litter decomposition has diverged over evolutionary time. Each species expressed a unique set of enzymes that are involved in oxidative lignocellulose degradation by saprotrophic fungi. A comparison of closely related species within the Boletales showed that ectomycorrhizal fungi oxidized litter material as efficiently as brown-rot saprotrophs. The ectomycorrhizal species within this clade exhibited more similar decomposing mechanisms than expected from the species phylogeny in concordance with adaptive evolution occurring as a result of similar selection pressures. Our data shows that ectomycorrhizal fungi are potential organic matter decomposers, yet not saprotrophs. We suggest that the primary function of this decomposing activity is to mobilize nutrients embedded in organic matter complexes and that the activity is driven by host carbon supply. Comparative transcriptomics of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) versus brown-rot (BR) fungi while degrading soil-organic matter
Project description:Lymphocyte differentiation depends on activation via antigen and cytokines during the immune response to infection. How the timing and integration of these signals program the epigenetic and functional fate of these cells is not completely understood. In this study, we find that inflammatory cytokine signals received by innate and adaptive lymphocytes have a context-dependent role for immune memory formation. Without preceding and sufficient antigen receptor signaling, inflammatory cytokines drive terminal differentiation into short-lived effector cells. In contrast, sufficient antigen-receptor signaling redirects inflammatory cytokine signals to promote memory differentiation via cooperation of STAT and AP-1 transcription factors. By this crucial epigenetic mechanism, optimally equipped lymphocytes are selected for memory formation rather than a terminal effector cell fate. Whereas T cells are hardwired to be shielded from premature inflammatory signals, NK cells rely on coincidental early antigen receptor signaling for adaptive responses. Together, step-wise integration of antigen and cytokine signaling optimizes both effector and memory differentiation, allowing for promiscuous recruitment into the acute immune response while promoting avidity maturation in memory populations of both innate and adaptive lymphocytes.
