Zostera capensis
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1019924 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Gene expression of seagrass populations in a common-stress-garden setup
| PRJNA204906 | ENA
Project description:Despite knowledge that seagrass meadows are threatened by multiple global change stressors, significant gaps exist in current knowledge. In particular, little is known about the interactive effects of warming and eutrophication on seagrasses globally, or about responses of African seagrasses to global change, despite these ecosystem engineers providing critical goods and services to local livelihoods. Here, we report on laboratory experiment assessing the main and joint effects of warming and nutrient enrichment on Cape eelgrass (Zostera capensis) from the West coast of South Africa, in which morphological attributes, photosynthetic efficiency and elemental content were assessed. Results indicate that shoot density, leaf length, aboveground biomass and effective quantum yield were negatively impacted by both warming and nutrient enrichment. Growth rate, leaf density and leaf width decreased with increasing nutrient levels but not temperature. In addition, epiphytic fouling on seagrass leaves were enhanced by both warming and nutrient enrichment but with warming eliciting a greater response. Collectively, our findings indicate a stronger effect of enrichment on Z. capensis performance relative to warming, suggesting that the upper levels of coastal eutrophication upon which our experiment was based is likely a stronger stressor than warming. Our findings also highlight limited interaction between warming and nutrient enrichment on Z. capensis performance, suggesting that effects of these stressors are likely to be propagated individually and not interactively. Our findings raise awareness of susceptibility of Z. capensis to eutrophication and the need to manage nutrient inputs into coastal ecosystems to preserve meadows of this seagrass and the critical ecosystem functions they provide.
| S-EPMC6459588 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Here, we investigate the genetic mechanisms that underlie thermal specialization of closely-related vibrios isolated from coastal water at the Beaufort Inlet (Beaufort, NC, USA). This location experiences large seasonal temperature fluctuations (annual range of ~20°C), and a clear seasonal shift in vibrio diversity has been observed (Yung et al. 2015). This previous study suggested that the mechanisms of thermal adaptation apparently differ based on evolutionary timescale: shifts in the temperature of maximal growth occur between deeply branching clades but the shape of the thermal performance curve changes on shorter time scales (Yung et al. 2015). The observed thermal specialization in vibrio populations over relatively short evolutionary time scales indicates that few genes or cellular processes may contribute to the differences in thermal performance between populations. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie adaptation to local thermal regimes in environmental vibrio populations, we employ genomic and transcriptomic approaches to examine transcriptomic changes that occur within strains grown at their thermal optima and under heat and cold stress. Moreover, we compare two closely-related strains with different laboratory thermal preferences to identify in situ evolutionary responses to different thermal environments in genome content and alleles as well as gene expression.
2018-07-31 | GSE83396 | GEO
Project description:Background: Geographic variation in the thermal environment impacts a broad range of biochemical and physiological processes and can be a major selective force leading to local population adaptation. In the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus, populations along the coast of California show differences in thermal tolerance that are consistent with adaptation, i.e., southern populations withstand thermal stresses that are lethal to northern populations. To understand the genetic basis of these physiological differences, we use an RNA-seq approach to compare genome-wide patterns of gene expression in two populations known to differ in thermal tolerance. Results: Observed differences in gene expression between the southern (San Diego) and the northern (Santa Cruz) populations included both the number of affected loci as well as the identity of these loci. However, the most pronounced differences concerned the amplitude of up-regulation of genes producing heat shock proteins (Hsps) and genes involved in ubiquitination and proteolysis. Cuticle genes were up-regulated in SD but down-regulated in SC, and mitochondrial genes were downregulated in both populations. Among the hsp genes, orthologous pairs show markedly different thermal responses as the amplitude of hsp response was greatly elevated in the San Diego population, most notably in members of the hsp70 gene family. There was no evidence of accelerated evolution at the sequence level for hsp genes. Conclusions: Marked changes in gene expression were observed in response to acute sublethal thermal stress in the copepod T. californicus. Although some qualitative differences were observed between populations (e.g., cuticle gene regulation), the most pronounced differences involved the magnitude of induction of numerous hsp and ubiquitin genes. These differences in gene expression suggest that evolutionary divergence in the regulatory pathway(s) involved in acute temperature stress may offer at least a partial explanation of latitudinal trends in thermal tolerance observed in Tigriopus.
2012-09-11 | GSE38546 | GEO
Project description:Transcriptomic resilience to global warming in the seagrass Zostera marina, a marine foundation species
| PRJNA80089 | ENA
Project description:Transcriptomic response of bovine oviductal organoids to thermal stress.
| PRJNA916865 | ENA
Project description:Southern California (USA) populations of the intertidal marine snail Chlorostoma (formerly Tegula) funebralis are generally exposed to higher air and water temperatures than northern California populations. Previous studies have shown that southern populations are more tolerant of heat stress than northern populations. To assess the potential role of gene regulation in these regional differences, we examined transcriptome responses to thermal stress in two southern and two northern populations of C. funebralis. Snails from the four populations were acclimated to a common lab environment, exposed to a heat stress representative of natural low tide conditions, and then analyzed using RNA-Seq to characterize changes in gene expression associated with stress and differences in expression across geographic regions. Changes in expression following stress were dominated by genes involved in apoptosis, the inflammatory response, response to mis and unfolded proteins, and ubiquitination of proteins. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) were up-regulated in both northern and southern populations. However, while the magnitude of the response was significantly greater in northern populations for the majority of Hsp70s, the southern populations showed a greater up-regulation for roughly half of the Hsp40s, which are co-chaperones for Hsp70s. Differential expression analysis of the control versus treatment genes in the northern and southern populations respectively revealed that 56 genes, many involved in the inflammation and immune response, responded to heat stress only in the northern populations. Moreover, several of the molecular chaperones and antioxidant genes that were not differentially expressed in the southern populations instead showed higher constitutive expression under control conditions compared to the northern populations. The expression levels of some of these constitutive genes such as superoxide dismutase were also found to positively correlate with survival following heat stress. This suggests that expression of these genes has evolved a degree of M-bM-^@M-^\frontloadingM-bM-^@M-^] that may contribute to the higher thermal tolerance of southern populations. mRNA profiles of northern and southern California heat-stressed and control C. funebralis were generated by 100bp paired end sequencing, in duplicate, using Illumina HiSeq2000.
2014-08-20 | E-GEOD-57142 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Southern California (USA) populations of the intertidal marine snail Chlorostoma (formerly Tegula) funebralis are generally exposed to higher air and water temperatures than northern California populations. Previous studies have shown that southern populations are more tolerant of heat stress than northern populations. To assess the potential role of gene regulation in these regional differences, we examined transcriptome responses to thermal stress in two southern and two northern populations of C. funebralis. Snails from the four populations were acclimated to a common lab environment, exposed to a heat stress representative of natural low tide conditions, and then analyzed using RNA-Seq to characterize changes in gene expression associated with stress and differences in expression across geographic regions. Changes in expression following stress were dominated by genes involved in apoptosis, the inflammatory response, response to mis and unfolded proteins, and ubiquitination of proteins. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) were up-regulated in both northern and southern populations. However, while the magnitude of the response was significantly greater in northern populations for the majority of Hsp70s, the southern populations showed a greater up-regulation for roughly half of the Hsp40s, which are co-chaperones for Hsp70s. Differential expression analysis of the control versus treatment genes in the northern and southern populations respectively revealed that 56 genes, many involved in the inflammation and immune response, responded to heat stress only in the northern populations. Moreover, several of the molecular chaperones and antioxidant genes that were not differentially expressed in the southern populations instead showed higher constitutive expression under control conditions compared to the northern populations. The expression levels of some of these constitutive genes such as superoxide dismutase were also found to positively correlate with survival following heat stress. This suggests that expression of these genes has evolved a degree of “frontloading” that may contribute to the higher thermal tolerance of southern populations.
2014-08-20 | GSE57142 | GEO
Project description:The declining health of coral reefs worldwide is likely to intensify in response to continued anthropogenic disturbance from coastal development, pollution, and climate change. In response to these stresses, reef-building corals may exhibit bleaching, which marks the breakdown in symbiosis between coral and zooxanthellae. Mass coral bleaching due to elevated water temperature can devastate coral reefs on a large geographic scale. In order to understand the molecular and cellular basis of bleaching in corals, we have measured gene expression changes associated with thermal stress and bleaching using a cDNA microarray containing 1,310 genes of the Caribbean coral Montastraea faveolata. In a first experiment, we identified differentially expressed genes by comparing experimentally bleached M. faveolata fragments to control non-heat-stressed fragments. We also identified differentially expressed genes during a time course experiment with four time points across nine days. Results suggest that thermal stress and bleaching in M. faveolata affect the following processes: oxidative stress, Ca2+ homeostasis, cytoskeletal organization, cell death, calcification, metabolism, protein synthesis, heat shock protein activity, and transposon activity. These results represent the first large-scale transcriptomic study focused on revealing the cellular foundation of thermal stress-induced coral bleaching. We postulate that oxidative stress in thermal-stressed corals causes a disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis, which in turn leads to cytoskeletal and cell adhesion changes, decreased calcification, and the initiation of cell death via apoptosis and necrosis. Keywords: thermal stress response; coral bleaching 5 control and 5 heat-stressed RNA samples were hybridized in a 5-replicate dye-swap design (10 total hyb's).
2008-05-31 | E-GEOD-10630 | biostudies-arrayexpress