Cellular and Extracellular microRNA Dysregulation in LRRK2-Linked Parkinson’s Disease
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1020167 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR26149714.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR26149715.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR26149716.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR26149717.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR26149718.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:The discovery of cell-free micro-RNAs in body fluids has made them a promising biomarker target in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. Although they have been reported to be differentially expressed in biofluids and tissue from sporadic Parkinson’s disease patients, it remains unclear whether similar observations can be made in patients with genetic forms of the disease. Since induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons represent a widely used research model for both sporadic and familial Parkinson’s disease, we sought to assess the usability of this model for the identification of differentially expressed cell-free micro-RNAs in the context of the Parkinson’s disease related LRRK2 G2019S mutation in a proof-of-concept study. We isolated extracellular vesicles carrying cell-free RNA from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell lines carrying the LRRK2 G2019S mutation and their gene corrected isogenic controls. After generation of small-RNA libraries and differential expression analysis, we validated fourteen micro-RNAs in an independent batch of cell-free and cellular RNA via RT-qPCR. Finally, we selected eleven differentially expressed micro-RNAs from our cell culture experiments and quantified their expression levels in cerebrospinal fluid derived from two LRRK2 G2019S patients and two healthy controls.
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Project description:Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause autosomal dominant Parkinson’s disease (PD) while polymorphic LRRK2 variants are associated with sporadic PD. PD-linked mutations increase LRRK2 kinase activity and induce neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. The small GTPase Rab8a is a LRRK2 kinase substrate and is involved in receptor-mediated recycling and endocytic trafficking of transferrin, but the effect of PD-linked LRRK2 mutations on the function of Rab8a is poorly understood. Here, we show that gain-of-function mutations in LRRK2 induce sequestration of endogenous Rab8a to lysosomes in over-expression cell models while pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity reverses this phenotype. Furthermore, we show that LRRK2 mutations drive association of endocytosed transferrin with Rab8a-positive lysosomes. LRRK2 has been nominated as an integral part of cellular responses downstream of proinflammatory signals and is activated in microglia in post-mortem PD tissue. Here, we show that iPSC-derived microglia from patients carrying the most common LRRK2 mutation, G2019S, mistraffic transferrin to lysosomes proximal to the nucleus in proinflammatory conditions. Furthermore, G2019S knock-in mice show a significant increase in iron deposition in microglia following intrastriatal LPS injection compared to wild type mice, accompanied by striatal accumulation of ferritin. Conclusion: Our data support a role of LRRK2 in modulating iron uptake and storage in response to proinflammatory stimuli in microglia. Neuroinflammation remodels endolysosomal gene expression in microglia, in vitro and in vivo.
2021-10-29 | GSE186559 | GEO
Project description:Recent advances in generating 3 dimensional (3D) organoid systems from stem cells offer new possibilities for disease modeling. In this study, we generate isogenic 3D midbrain organoids with or without a Parkinson’s disease-associated LRRK2 G2019S mutation. LRRK2-G2019S midbrain organoids derived from LRRK2 targeted human iPSCs in vitro have LRRK2-associated sporadic Parkinson's disease phenotypes. Midbrain-like 3D organoids expressing LRRK2-G2019S showed dynamic changes in globle gene expression.
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Project description:Non-neuronal cell types such as astrocytes can contribute to Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathology. The G2019S mutation in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is one of the most common known causes of familial PD. To characterize its effect on astrocytes, we developed a protocol to produce midbrain-patterned astrocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from PD LRRK2 G2019S patients and healthy controls. In order to understand the effect of this mutation on astrocyte function, we compared the gene expression profiles of iPSC-derived midbrain-patterned astrocytes from PD patients with those from healthy controls.
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Project description:A mounting body of evidence reveals that inflammation is a major hallmark in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Notably, microglia are key players in orchestrating neuroinflammatory signalling pathways in the brain. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the microglial response in the dopaminergic neuron degeneration remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of the PD-associated LRRK2-G2019S variant in microglial neurotoxicity that potentially drives the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Using PD patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-based models, we showed that microglia harbouring the LRRK2-G2019S mutation exhibited increased activation markers, phagocytic capacity, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α. This was linked to metabolic dysregulation, including higher levels of glycolysis and a reduction in serine biosynthesis. These overactivated microglia drove dopaminergic neuron degeneration in a 3D midbrain organoid model. Intriguingly, addressing the PD associated metabolic disturbances reduced the inflammatory state of the microglia and reversed neuronal loss. These findings reinforce the immunometabolic control of microglia to preserve dopaminergic neuron integrity and its pivotal role in PD pathogenesis.
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Project description:Astrocytes are essential cells of the central nervous system, characterized by dynamic relationships with neurons that range from functional metabolic interactions and regulation of neuronal firing activities, to the release of neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), dopaminergic neurons are a vulnerable population progressively lost during the course of the disease, but the effects of PD on astrocytes and astrocyte-to-neuron communication remains mostly unknown. This study focuses on the effects of the PD-related mutation LRRK2 G2019S in astrocytes, using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. We report the alteration of extracellular vesicle (EV) biogenesis in astrocytes, and we identify the abnormal accumulation of key PD-related proteins within multi vesicular bodies (MVBs). We found that dopaminergic neurons internalize astrocyte-secreted EVs but LRRK2 G2019S EVs are abnormally enriched in the neurites and provide only marginal neurotrophic support to dopaminergic neurons. Thus, dysfunctional astrocyte-to-neuron communication via altered EV biological properties could participate in the progression of PD.
2021-10-06 | GSE152768 | GEO
Project description:Parkinson’s disease (PD) has a neuro-developmental component with multiple genetic predispositions. The most prevalent mutation, LRRK2-G2019S is linked to familial and sporadic PD. Based on the multiple origins of PD and the incomplete penetrance of LRRK2-G2019S, we hypothesize that modifiers in the patient genetic background act as susceptibility factors for developing PD. To assess the developmental component of LRRK2-G2019S pathogenesis, we used 19 human iPSC-derived neuroepithelial stem cell lines (NESCs). Isogenic controls distinguish between LRRK2-G2019S dependent and independent cellular phenotypes. LRRK2-G2019S patient and healthy mutagenized lines showed altered NESC self-renewal. Within patients, phenotypes were only partly LRRK2-G2019S dependent, suggesting Parkinson’s disease (PD) has a neuro-developmental component with multiple genetic predispositions. The most prevalent mutation, LRRK2-G2019S is linked to familial and sporadic PD. Based on the multiple origins of PD and the incomplete penetrance of LRRK2-G2019S, we hypothesize that modifiers in the patient genetic background act as susceptibility factors for developing PD. To assess the developmental component of LRRK2-G2019S pathogenesis, we used 19 human iPSC-derived neuroepithelial stem cell lines (NESCs). Isogenic controls distinguish between LRRK2-G2019S dependent and independent cellular phenotypes. LRRK2-G2019S patient and healthy mutagenized lines showed altered NESC self-renewal. Within patients, phenotypes were only partly LRRK2-G2019S dependent, suggesting a significant contribution of the genetic background. We identified Serine racemase (SRR) as a novel patient-specific, developmental, genetic modifier contributing to the abberant phenotypes. Its enzymatic product, D-Serine, rescued altered NESC renewal. Susceptibility factors in the genetic background, such as SRR, could be new targets for early PD diagnosis and treatment.
2018-03-07 | GSE101534 | GEO
Project description:RNA-Seq of LRRK2 G2019S Parkinson’s iPSC-derived astrocytes
| PRJNA492470 | ENA
Project description:Parkinson’s (PD) is a multi-factorial disease that affects multiple brain systems and circuits. While defined by motor symptoms caused by degeneration of brainstem dopamine neurons, debilitating non-motor abnormalities in fronto-striatal based cognitive function are common, appear early and are initially independent of dopamine. Young adult mice expressing the PD-associated G2019S missense mutation in Lrrk2 also exhibit deficits in fronto-striatal-based cognitive tasks. In mice and humans, cognitive functions require dynamic adjustments in glutamatergic synapse strength through cell-surface trafficking of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs), but it is unknown how LRRK2 mutation impacts dynamic features of AMPAR trafficking in striatal projection neurons (SPNs). Here, we used Lrrk2G2019S knockin mice to show that surface AMPAR subunit stoichiometry is altered biochemically and functionally in mutant SPNs in dorsomedial striatum to favor incorporation of GluA1 over GluA2. GluA1-containing AMPARs were resistant to internalization from the cell surface, leaving an excessive accumulation of GluA1 on the surface within and outside synapses. This negatively impacted trafficking dynamics that normally support synapse strengthening, as GluA1-containing AMPARs failed to increase at synapses in response to a potentiating stimulus and showed significantly reduced surface mobility. Surface GluA2-containing AMPARs were expressed at normal levels in synapses, indicating subunit-selective impairment. Abnormal surface accumulation of GluA1 was independent of PKA activity and was limited to D1R SPNs. Since LRRK2 mutation is thought to be part of a common PD pathogenic pathway, our data suggest that sustained, striatal cell-type specific changes in AMPAR composition and trafficking contribute to cognitive or other impairments associated with PD.
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