Project description:Small molecules are components of fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs), but their biological roles are only superficially known. NOP16 is a eukaryotic gene that is required for the activity of benzimidazoles against Cryptococcus deuterogattii. In this study, during the phenotypic characterization of C. deuterogattii mutants expected to lack NOP16 expression, we observed a reduced EV production. Whole-genome sequencing, RNAseq, and cellular proteomics revealed that, contrary to our initial findings, these mutants expressed Nop16 but exhibited altered expression of 14 genes potentially involved in sugar transport. Based on this observation, we designated these mutants as past1 and past2, representing potentially altered sugar transport. Analysis of the small molecule composition of EVs produced by wild-type cells and the past1 and past2 mutants revealed not only a reduced number of EVs but also an altered small molecule composition. In a Galleria mellonella model of infection, the past1 and past2 mutants were hypovirulent. The hypovirulent phenotype was reverted when EVs produced by wild-type cells, but not mutant EVs, were co-injected with the mutant cells in G. mellonella. These results connect EV biogenesis, cargo and cryptococcal virulence.
Project description:Cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus deuterogattii is a life-threatening fungal infection increasingly reported in immunocompetent individuals. In this analysis we perfomed an experimental infection in adults rats to elucidate molecular alterations in this disease. For experimental infection, rats (n = 6 per group) were anesthetized with intraperitoneal ketamine (75 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg). They were divided into: (i) control (no inoculation), (ii) infected intranasally with 0.1 mL of 1 × 10⁹ C. deuterogattii R265 cells for analysis at 3 days post-inoculation (dpi), (iii) same inoculation for analysis at 14 dpi, (ii) infected intranasally with 0.1 mL of 1 × 10⁹ C. deuterogattii R265 cells for analysis at 3 days post-inoculation (dpi), and (iii) same inoculation for analysis at 14 dpi. At 3 and 14 dpi, rats were re-anesthetized, thoracic cavity opened, and lungs removed. Left lungs for proteomic analysis.