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Chromatin Landscape of Macrophages Following Helminth Enzyme Exposure Targeting Prostaglandin Synthesis

ABSTRACT: Chromatin Landscape of Macrophages Following Helminth Enzyme Exposure Targeting Prostaglandin Synthesis

PROVIDER: PRJNA1081279 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR28116616.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR28116617.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR28116618.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR28116619.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR28116620.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Gene expression profile of Macrophages Following Helminth Enzyme Exposure Targeting Prostaglandin Synthesis

Project description:Gene expression profile of Macrophages Following Helminth Enzyme Exposure Targeting Prostaglandin Synthesis

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Chromatin Landscape of Macrophages Following Helminth Enzyme Exposure Targeting Prostaglandin Synthesis

Project description:The molecular mechanisms by which worm parasites evade host immunity are incompletely understood. In a mouse model of chronic intestinal helminth infection, we identify helminthic glutamate dehydrogenase (heGDH) as an essential factor for parasite chronicity by using antibody mediated neutralization or treatment with exogenous recombinant heGDH. Macrophages efficiently internalize heGDH and represent a major target of the enzyme in vivo. Combining RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, targeted lipidomics and inhibitor studies, we identify prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as a major immune regulatory mechanism of heGDH. The induction of PGE2 and further immune regulatory factors (IL-12 family cytokines, IDO1) by heGDH depended on the p300-mediated acetylation of histones. While the enzyme’s catalytic activity was dispensable for key immune regulatory functions, an N-terminal handle-like structure distinct from mammalian GDHs may confer interaction of heGDH with its targets (CD64, GPNMB), identified via proteomics. Thus, helminths employ a ubiquitous metabolic enzyme to epigenetically target macrophages and establish chronicity.

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Gene expression profile of Macrophages Following Helminth Enzyme Exposure Targeting Prostaglandin Synthesis

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Helminth-induced prostaglandin signalling and dietary shifts in PUFA metabolism promote colitis-associated cancer.

Project description:Oxylipins derived from dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are key determinants of intestinal health, homeostasis and inflammatory disorders, such as colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Previous research has independently linked a high dietary omega (ω)-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio, or intestinal helminth infection, to an increased risk of CAC. However, whether these two factors interact to exacerbate disease risk and whether oxylipins contribute to this is unknown. In this study, we report that infection with the helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb) exacerbates tumour formation when combined with a high ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio diet. Dietary increases in tumour burden correlated with heightened levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and AA-derived lipoxygenase (LOX) oxylipins in the colon, including the 12/15-LOX product 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, prior to disease onset. Although helminth infection further increased the production of 12/15-LOX oxylipins and increased expression of Alox15, responsible for producing these metabolites, inhibition of cyclooxygenase-dependent prostaglandin production with aspirin prevented helminth-exacerbation of disease. Helminth-infected mice exhibited increased phosphorylation of β-catenin in the colon, which was inhibited by EP2 and 4 antagonists. Moreover, administration of an EP agonist increased tumour burden in naive mice fed a high w-6:w-3 PUFA ratio diet, to the levels seen in helminth-exacerbation of disease. These data suggest that dietary changes in fatty acid composition coordinate with helminth-induced activation of EP signalling to exacerbate tumour development.

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N-glycosylation site occupancy in human prostaglandin H synthases expressed in Pichia pastoris

Project description:Prostaglandin H synthases (PGHSs) are N-glycosylated membrane proteins that catalyse the committed step in prostaglandin synthesis. Unlike PGHS-2, the production of recombinant PGHS-1 in non-mammalian expression systems is complicated. The majority of the heterologous enzyme is inactive due to misfolding. N-glycosylation is proposed to be obligatory for the correct folding of mammalian PGHSs. In this study, human PGHS-1 and -2 (hPGHS-1 and -2) were expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris, and the N-glycosylation patterns of the purified recombinant proteins were characterised using nano-LC/MS/MS. Recombinant hPGHS-2 was catalytically active, whereas hPGHS-1 was inactive. Unexpectedly, the accumulation of non-glycosylated hPGHS-1 was not observed in the crude lysate of the yeast cells. In addition, the purified hPGHS isoforms exhibited similar N-glycosylation site occupancy. The results indicate that there are more complex grounds for the inactivity of the recombinant hPGHS-1 produced in yeast.

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Human resistin alters lung mRNA expression from helminth-infected lungs.

Project description:Goal: To examine the effects of human resistin during helminth infection. Methodology: To examine the function of human resistin (hResistin), we utilized transgenic mice expressing the human resistin gene along with its entire regulatory region (hRetnTg+). Following infection with the helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, whole lung RNA was sequenced in hRetnTg+ mice, control hRetnTg- and naïve mice. Conclusion: In hRetnTg+ mice, many genes involved in inflammation and the immune system, specifically toll-like receptor signaling and chemokines, are significantly upregulated, suggesting that human resistin promotes TLR signaling and inflammation during helminth infection. Examination of whole lung mRNA from Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-infected lungs at day 7 in mice expressing human resistin

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