Reshaping the Tumor Microenvironment of KRASG12D Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with combined SOS1 and MEK Inhibition for Improved Immunotherapy Response
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1103078 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR28763406_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR28763406_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR28763407_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR28763407_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR28763408_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:KRAS inhibitors have demonstrated exciting pre-clinical and clinical responses, although resistance occurs rapidly. Here, we investigate the effects of KRAS-targeting therapies on the tumor microenvironment using a library of KRASG12D, p53 mutant, murine PDAC-derived cell lines (KPCY) to leverage immune-oncology combination strategies for long-term tumor efficacy. Our findings show that SOS1 and MEK inhibitors (SOS1i+MEKi) suppressed tumor growth in syngeneic models and increased intra-tumoral CD8+ T cells without durable responses. scRNA-sequencing revealed an increase in inflammatory cancer associated fibroblasts (iCAFs), M2 macrophages, and a decreased dendritic cell quality that ultimately resulted in a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment driven by IL6+ iCAFs. Agonist CD40 treatment was effective to revert macrophage polarization and overcome the lack of mature antigen presenting DCs after SOS1i+MEKi therapy. Treatment increased the overall survival of KPCY tumor-bearing mice. The addition of checkpoint blockade to SOS1i+MEKi combination resulted in tumor free mice with established immune memory. Our data suggests that KRAS inhibition affects myeloid cell maturation and highlights the need for combining KRAS cancer-targeted therapy with myeloid activation to enhance and prolong anti-tumor effects.
2024-04-22 | GSE264527 | GEO
Project description:KRAS inhibitors have demonstrated exciting preclinical and clinical responses, although resistance occurs rapidly. Here, we investigate the effects of KRAS-targeting therapies on the tumor microenvironment using a library of KrasG12D, p53-mutant, murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-derived cell lines (KPCY) to leverage immune-oncology combination strategies for long-term tumor efficacy. Our findings show that SOS1 and MEK inhibitors (SOS1i+MEKi) suppressed tumor growth in syngeneic models and increased intratumoral CD8+ T cells without durable responses. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed an increase in inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts (iCAF), M2 macrophages, and a decreased dendritic cell (DC) quality that ultimately resulted in a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment driven by IL6+ iCAFs. Agonist CD40 treatment was effective to revert macrophage polarization and overcome the lack of mature antigen-presenting DCs after SOS1i+MEKi therapy. Treatment increased the overall survival of KPCY tumor-bearing mice. The addition of checkpoint blockade to SOS1i+MEKi combination resulted in tumor-free mice with established immune memory. Our data suggest that KRAS inhibition affects myeloid cell maturation and highlights the need for combining KRAS cancer-targeted therapy with myeloid activation to enhance and prolong antitumor effects.SignificanceCombination of SOS1 and MEK inhibitors increase T cell infiltration while blunting pro-immune myeloid cell maturation and highlights the need for combining KRAS cancer-targeted therapy with myeloid activation to enhance and prolong anti-tumor effects.
| S-EPMC11191876 | biostudies-literature
Project description:KRAS is the most frequently mutated driver of pancreatic, colorectal, and non-small cell lung cancers. Direct KRAS blockade has proven challenging and inhibition of a key downstream effector pathway, the RAF-MEK-ERK cascade, has shown limited success due to activation of feedback networks that keep the pathway in check. We hypothesized that inhibiting SOS1, a KRAS activator and important feedback node, represents an effective approach to treat KRAS-driven cancers. We report the discovery of a highly potent, selective and orally bioavailable small-molecule SOS1 inhibitor, BI-3406, that binds to the catalytic domain of SOS1 thereby preventing the interaction with KRAS. BI-3406 reduces formation of GTP-loaded RAS and limits cellular proliferation of a broad range of KRAS-driven cancers. Importantly, BI-3406 attenuates feedback reactivation induced by MEK inhibitors and thereby enhances sensitivity of KRAS-dependent cancers to MEK inhibition. Combined SOS1 and MEK inhibition represents a novel and effective therapeutic concept to address KRAS-driven tumors.
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Project description:Expression profiling of androgen and insulin pathway regulating genes unveils SOS 1 as candidate gene for idiopathic hirsutism Background: Idiopathic Hirsutism (IH), defined as the presence of terminal hairs in females in a male-like pattern, affecting about 5% -15% of women, may result from the interaction between the androgen level and the sensitivity of the hair follicle to the androgen. The pathophysiology of IH is presumed to be linked to increased SRD5A activity, probably both isoenzyme types (SRD5A1 and SRD5A2) and generally related to an alteration in androgen receptor (AR) function. IH is often associated to metabolic syndrome, visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension.Methodology/Principal Findings: With the aim of identifying genes involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder, we investigated the expression profile of 190 genes involved in the androgen biosynthesis and metabolism, and other genes coding for products active in the insulin pathway in skin genital fibroblasts. For this purpose we selected from a cohort of 240 women affected with androgen excess syndrome a group of 52 idiopathic hirsute patients (22%) and we selected 8 of them with the higher grade of hirsutism (Ferriman & Gallway score >20) for the genetic studies comparing the data with 4 healthy women used as controls. The array gene signature in the IH patients identified 4 differentially expressed genes, 2 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated (FC≥± 1.5). Differentially expressed genes included products involved in insulin signalling while no androgens related genes were found altered in expression levels. We found that one of the over expressed transcript codes for the SOS1 gene product, which is overproduced in IH patients compared to controls. We did not identified any genomic variants or SNPs in the SOS1 promoter region and/or witin the 3’UTR with documented functional effects on SOS1 gene expression, although some variants in the 3’UTR seems to be potentially active in modulating the binding of transcription factors. Conclusions/Significance: In the cohort of women with androgen excess syndrome studied the 22% had neither hyperandrogenemia nor biochemical sign of hyperinsulinemia. We were able to demonstrate that SOS1 mRNA is over-expressed resulting in over production of SOS1 protein in IH patients. This suggests that an increase of SOS1 protein production could reflect a situation with an increased SOS1 activity function in hirsute patients. These findings propose a role for SOS1, in cooperation with other insulin pathway genes, in the pathogenesis of IH.
2010-04-15 | GSE18022 | GEO
Project description:Sos1 and Sos2 are guanine-nucleotide exchange factors for Ras and Rac small GTPases, which are involved in a wide range of cellular responses including proliferation and migration. We have previously shown that Sos1 and Sos2 have different effects on cell migration, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Here, we examined the role of Sos1 and Sos2 in the overall transcriptional profile of mouse primary fibroblasts in order to unveil the specific functions of these Ras/Rac activators in regulating migration. We used microarrays to detail the impact of Sos1/2 depletion (individual or combined) in the transcriptional signature of mouse primary keratinocytes
2024-09-23 | GSE277505 | GEO
Project description:The fundamental biology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has been greatly impacted by the characterization of genetically engineered mouse models that allow temporal and spatial activation of oncogenic KRAS (KRASG12D). One of the most commonly used models involves targeted insertion of a cre-recombinase into the Ptf1a gene. However, this approach disrupts the Ptf1a gene, resulting in haploinsufficiency that likely affects sensitivity to oncogenic KRAS (KRASG12D). This study aims to determine if Ptf1a haploinsufficiency affected the acinar cell response to KRASG12D before and after induction of pancreatic injury. Taken together, our results suggest Ptf1a haploinsufficiency in Ptf1acreERT mouse models promotes KRASG12D priming of genes for promotion of PDAC.
2024-08-20 | GSE252884 | GEO
Project description:Oncogenic KrasG12D, a driver mutation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), induces neoplastic transformation of acinar cells through acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM). Here, we show that both functional complexes of mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase, mTORC1 and mTORC2) are specifically activated in ADM. Murine models uncover that mTORC1 and mTORC2 cooperate to promote KrasG12D-driven ADM development. Proteomic analyses identify Arp2/3 complex, an actin nucleator, as the common downstream effector: mTORC1 is responsible for the protein synthesis of Rac1 and Arp3 while mTORC2 promotes the Arp2/3 complex activity via Akt/Rac1 signalling. Genetic ablation of Arp2/3 complex completely arrests KrasG12D-driven ADM development. The Arp2/3 complex-mediated y-branching of actin network promotes the basolateral spread of filamentous actin, which is indispensable for acinar cells-initiated carcinogenesis. Induced by oncogenic KrasG12D, ADM is a metaplastic phenotype of acinar cells that requires extensive actin rearrangements. mTORC1 and mTORC2, downstream targets of KrasG12D, have well-established oncogenic functions in PDAC development. The actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex is the first identified actin nucleator. Regarded as textbook knowledge, it is activated by EGFR/Rac1 signalling to promote the polymerisation of branched actin filaments from pre-existing filaments in numerous biological contexts. Hereby, we identify that mTORC1 and mTORC2 attain a dual, yet non-redundant, regulatory role in promoting Arp2/3 complex function, which is responsible for generating basolateral filamentous actin in ADM. Thus, the role of Arp2/3 complex fills up the missing gap between putative oncogenic signals and actin dynamics underlying PDAC initiation.
2021-01-07 | PXD018296 | Pride
Project description:KRAS mutation activates multiple intracellular signalling pathways, leading to tumour development and progression. However, whether KRAS mutations are involved in regulating ferroptosis in cancer and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we constructed stable KRASWT and KRASG12D-mutant cell lines by transfecting wild-type (WT) or G12D plasmids into original KRAS WT cells and detected their cell viability under the treatment of ferroptosis inducer RSL3 or erastin. We found compared with WT cells, KRASG12D-mutated pancreatic and colorectal cancer cells presented greater viability and less cell death, along with lower levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and fewer damaged mitochondria, suggesting that the G12D mutation confers resistance to ferroptosis. Moreover, we found that KRASG12D mutated cancer cells demonstrated increased glycolysis and elevated lactate production, which was dependent on MEK-ERK-mediated L-lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) phosphorylation. Importantly, lactate supplementation in WT cells also resulted in ferroptosis resistance, indicating that G12D mutation-induced resistance to ferroptosis may be linked to lactate production. Mechanistically, G12D mutation-derived lactate accumulation induces Glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM) lactylation, a process catalysed by Acetyl-CoA Acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2). Inhibition of GCLM lactylation either through the mutation of the lactylation site or by knockdown of ACAT2 diminished the enzymatic activity of Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) and suppressed Glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Ultimately, we found that ACAT2 knockdown can overcomes ferroptosis resistance in G12D-mutated cancer models in vivo. Thus, our study reveals a novel role for the G12D mutation in regulating GCLM lactylation and ferroptosis. Targeting GCLM lactylation may represent a promising strategy for overcoming ferroptosis resistance.
2025-05-07 | PXD062451 | Pride
Project description:Mutations in KRAS are a dominant driver of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with over 40% of PDAC patients presenting with KRASG12D mutations. The recent development of small molecule inhibitors targeting KRASG12D, has enabled effective targeting of mutant KRAS signaling and suppression of PDAC; however, the contribution of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to the therapeutic efficacy of KRASG12D inhibition and mechanism/s of resistance to KRASG12D suppression remain to be elucidated. Here, we employed spatial transcriptomics and CODEX-based spatial proteomics to evaluate cancer cell intrinsic and extrinsic responses to KRASG12D inhibition with MRTX1133. MRTX1133 treatment was associated with increased CD11c+ cells, T cells, and tumor-restraining fibroblasts within proximity to cancer cells, suggesting that antigen presentation and remodeling of the local microenvironment is associated with an effective response to KRASG12D inhibition. In the context of emergence of MRTX1133 therapy resistance, CDK8, a multiprotein mediator complex associated kinase, was identified as a mediator of resistance in part through induction of downstream CXCL2 chemokine secretion, inhibition of FAS expression, and remodeling of the TME to promote immune evasion. Targeting CDK8 in combination with aCTLA-4 immunotherapy overcomes resistance to small molecule mediated targeted KRASG12D inhibition with prolonged survival of mice with PDAC.
2025-12-02 | GSE269679 | GEO
Project description:Mutations in KRAS are a dominant driver of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with over 40% of PDAC patients presenting with KRASG12D mutations. The recent development of small molecule inhibitors targeting KRASG12D, has enabled effective targeting of mutant KRAS signaling and suppression of PDAC; however, the contribution of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to the therapeutic efficacy of KRASG12D inhibition and mechanism/s of resistance to KRASG12D suppression remain to be elucidated. Here, we employed spatial transcriptomics and CODEX-based spatial proteomics to evaluate cancer cell intrinsic and extrinsic responses to KRASG12D inhibition with MRTX1133. MRTX1133 treatment was associated with increased CD11c+ cells, T cells, and tumor-restraining fibroblasts within proximity to cancer cells, suggesting that antigen presentation and remodeling of the local microenvironment is associated with an effective response to KRASG12D inhibition. In the context of emergence of MRTX1133 therapy resistance, CDK8, a multiprotein mediator complex associated kinase, was identified as a mediator of resistance in part through induction of downstream CXCL2 chemokine secretion, inhibition of FAS expression, and remodeling of the TME to promote immune evasion. Targeting CDK8 in combination with aCTLA-4 immunotherapy overcomes resistance to small molecule mediated targeted KRASG12D inhibition with prolonged survival of mice with PDAC.
2025-12-02 | GSE269680 | GEO