Project description:Among the diseases caused by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) abnormal activation by bacterial endotoxin, sepsis is the most dangerous one. The reprogramming of macrophages plays a crucial role in orchestrating the pathogenesis of sepsis. However, the precise mechanism underlying TLR4 activation in macrophages remained incompletely understood. Our studies revealed that upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, CREB-binding protein (CBP) was recruited to the TLR4 signalosome complex and resulted in pronounced acetylation in the TIR domains of TLR4, Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and MyD88 adapter-like (MAL), which significantly enhanced the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and polarization of M1 macrophages. In sepsis patients, significantly elevated TLR4-TIR acetylation was detected in CD16+ monocytes combined with elevated expression of M1 macrophage markers and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) served as a key deacetylase in the deacetylation of the TIR domain complex. The inhibition of HDAC1 accelerated sepsis-associated syndromes, while the inhibition of CBP alleviated this process. Overall, our findings highlighted the crucial role of TIR domain complex acetylation in the regulation of inflammatory immune response and suggested that the reversible acetylation of the complex emerged as a promising therapeutic target for M1 macrophages during the progression of sepsis.
Project description:Among the diseases caused by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) abnormal activation by bacterial endotoxin, sepsis is the most dangerous one. The reprogramming of macrophages plays a crucial role in orchestrating the pathogenesis of sepsis. However, the precise mechanism underlying TLR4 activation in macrophages remained incompletely understood. Our studies revealed that upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, CREB-binding protein (CBP) was recruited to the TLR4 signalosome complex and resulted in pronounced acetylation in the TIR domains of TLR4, Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and MyD88 adapter-like (MAL), which significantly enhanced the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and polarization of M1 macrophages. In sepsis patients, significantly elevated TLR4-TIR acetylation was detected in CD16+ monocytes combined with elevated expression of M1 macrophage markers and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) served as a key deacetylase in the deacetylation of the TIR domain complex. The inhibition of HDAC1 accelerated sepsis-associated syndromes, while the inhibition of CBP alleviated this process. Overall, our findings highlighted the crucial role of TIR domain complex acetylation in the regulation of inflammatory immune response and suggested that the reversible acetylation of the complex emerged as a promising therapeutic target for M1 macrophages during the progression of sepsis.
Project description:Among the diseases caused by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) abnormal activation by bacterial endotoxin, sepsis is the most dangerous one. The reprogramming of macrophages plays a crucial role in orchestrating the pathogenesis of sepsis. However, the precise mechanism underlying TLR4 activation in macrophages remained incompletely understood. Our studies revealed that upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, CREB-binding protein (CBP) was recruited to the TLR4 signalosome complex and resulted in pronounced acetylation in the TIR domains of TLR4, Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and MyD88 adapter-like (MAL), which significantly enhanced the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and polarization of M1 macrophages. In sepsis patients, significantly elevated TLR4-TIR acetylation was detected in CD16+ monocytes combined with elevated expression of M1 macrophage markers and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) served as a key deacetylase in the deacetylation of the TIR domain complex. The inhibition of HDAC1 accelerated sepsis-associated syndromes, while the inhibition of CBP alleviated this process. Overall, our findings highlighted the crucial role of TIR domain complex acetylation in the regulation of inflammatory immune response and suggested that the reversible acetylation of the complex emerged as a promising therapeutic target for M1 macrophages during the progression of sepsis.
Project description:Vaccinia virus immunomodulator A46 is a member of the poxviral Bcl-2-like protein family that inhibits the cellular innate immune response at the level of the TIR domain-containing TLR adaptor proteins MAL, MyD88, TRAM and TRIF. The mechanism of interaction of A46 with its targets has remained unclear. We used BS3 and EDC + sulfo-NHS to cross-link A46 to the TIR domains of MAL and MyD88 to help identify interacting residues and regions.
Project description:This study shows that the TLR4/MyD88 pathway in intestinal mesenchymal cells promotes intestinal carcinogenesis in the APCmin mouse model.