Project description:This study aimed at decrypting the transcriptomic response of 2 months-old grown tender wheat (cv Chinese Spring) to a the Xanthomonas translucens pathogen infection by infiltration. The response was monitored by RNAseq 24h post leaf clipping. Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring plants were maintained in a growth chamber with cycles of 12 h of light at 21C and 50% relative humidity (RH) and 12 h of dark at 21C and 50% RH. Leaves of 49 days-old plants were infiltrated with a bacterial suspension in water with an optical density at 600 nm (OD600) of 0.5 using a needleless syringe. Plants inoculated with water were used as controls. For transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, leaves and root tissues were harvested 1 day post-inoculation (dpi), when symptoms were not visible yet. Three biological replicates per treatment were performed, and each with pooled leaves from two independent plants per replicate. The files per conditions and replicates are:Sample 1 Root tissue with 3 replicates: CONTROL * control condition for roots (wheat without pathogen infection): 3 replicates: 1.1R,1.2R, 1.3R * control condition for leaves (wheat without pathogen infection): 3 replicates1.1L,1.2L, 1.3L * Wheat Roots infected by Xanthomonas translucens: 3 replicates: 5.1R, 5.2R, 5.3R * Wheat Leaves infected by Xanthomonas translucens: 3 replicates: 5.1L, 5.2L, 5.3L
Project description:Epidemic preparedness depends on tracking microbial evolution that drives disease emergence. For outbreaks caused by host jump, we often identify the causal agent, but functional validation of pathogen emergence lags behind. Here, we defined the role of effector gene loss in the emergence of a generalist lineage of Xanthomonas translucens, an important bacterial plant pathogen of cereals and grasses. This lineage, X. translucens pv. undulosa, causes disease in multiple genera of cereals and grasses and encodes significantly fewer virulence effector genes than the specialist sister lineage X. translucens pv. translucens, which infects barley only. Genomic analyses suggested events contributing to host expansion, and we experimentally reproduced effector gene loss evolution by deleting the effectors unique to the specialist lineage. Notably, deletion of the previously uncharacterized effector gene xopAL1 promoted host expansion to wheat but reduced fitness in barley, supporting a fitness tradeoff for niche expansion. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed specific XopAL1-dependent defense response components of wheat. Three candidate defense response genes were identified and validated for their functional role in defense against X. translucens via individual targeted gene induction using artificial transcription activator-like effectors (arTALEs). Conversely, we identified that the barley specialist lineage Xtt gained the effector gene xopAJ, which limits disease development in oat but may contribute to barley adaptation. This research provides an experimentally validated evolutionary framework for predicting pathogen emergence based on gene loss, and host adaptation via gene gain, and identifies key host defense components for durable disease control.
Project description:We monitored by RNAseq the transcriptomic response of roots and leaves of Triticum aestivum cv chinese Spring during a long term interaction with Funneliformis mossae (2 months) with or without a pathogen infection by infiltration of Xanthomonas translucens CFBP 2054. The control condition of roots and leaves wheat without mycorhizal fungi is in E-MTAB-5891 (material produced simultaneously and treated at the same time).
Project description:The molecular details of local plant response against Xanthomonas translucens infection is largely unknown. Moreover, there is no knowledge about effects of the pathogen on the root’s transcriptome and proteome. Therefore, we investigated the global gene and protein expression changes both in leaves and roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum) 24h post leaf infection of X. translucens. This simultaneous analysis allowed us to obtain insight into possible metabolic rearrangements in above- and belowground tissues and to identify common responses as well as specific alterations. At the site of infection, we observed the implication of various components of the recognition, signaling, and amplification mechanisms in plant response to the pathogen. Moreover, data indicate a massive down-regulation of photosynthesis and confirm the chloroplast as crucial signaling hub during pathogen attack. Notably, roots responded as well to foliar attack and their response significantly differed from that locally triggered in infected leaves. Data indicate that roots as a site of energy production and synthesis of various secondary metabolites may actively influence the composition and colonisation level of root-associated microbes. Finally, our results emphasize the accumulation of jasmonic acid, pipecolic acid and/or the downstream mediator of hydrogen peroxide as long distal signals from infected leaves to roots.