Acidity perturbs IL-2 responsiveness, mTORC1 and c-Myc in CD8+ T cells
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1123221 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR29377800.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR29377801.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR29377802.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR29377803.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR29377804.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:CD8+T cells play a critical role in tumor control but a range of barriers in the microenvironment including low pH can suppress their function.Here, we demonstrate that acidity dampens T-cell expansion mainly due to impaired IL-2 responsiveness, blunts cytokine secretion upon re-activation, and lowers the cytolytic capacity ofCD8+T cells expressing weak affinity TCR. We further reveal decreases in both mTORC1 signaling and c-Myc levels at low pH.Mechanistically, concomitantly to nuclear/cytoplasmic acidification, mTORC1 was disrupted in a Rheb-, Akt/TSC2/PRAS40-, GATOR1- and Lkb1/AMPK -independent manner, and c-Myc levels dropped due to both decreased transcription and higher proteasome-mediated degradation. In addition, lower intracellular levels of glutamine/glutamate/aspartate and elevated proline were observed with no apparent impact on mTORC1 or c-Myc. Overall, we conclude that, due to the broad disruption caused by acidity, multiple interventions will be required to restore T-cell function unless intracellular pH can be effectively restored.
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Project description:Activated mTORC2/AKT signaling plays a role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Research has shown that TSC/mTORC1 and FOXO1 are distinct downstream effectors of AKT signaling in liver regeneration and metabolism. However, the mechanisms by which these pathways mediate mTORC2/AKT activation in HCC are not yet fully understood. Amplification and activation of c-MYC is a key molecular event in HCC. In this study, we explored the roles of TSC/mTORC1 and FOXO1 as downstream effectors of mTORC2/AKT1 in c-MYC-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Using various genetic approaches in mice, we found that manipulating the FOXO pathway had minimal impact on c-MYC-induced HCC. In contrast, loss of mTORC2 inhibited c-MYC-induced HCC, an effect that was completely reversed by ablating TSC2, which activated mTORC1. Additionally, we discovered that p70/RPS6 and 4EBP1/eIF4E act downstream of mTORC1, regulating distinct molecular pathways. Notably, the 4EBP1/eIF4E cascade is crucial for cell proliferation and glycolysis in c-MYC-induced HCC. We also identified centromere protein M (CENPM) as a downstream target of the TSC2/mTORC1 pathway in c-MYC-driven hepatocarcinogenesis, and its ablation entirely inhibited c-MYC-dependent HCC formation. Our findings demonstrate that the TSC/mTORC1/CENPM pathway, rather than the FOXO cascade, is the primary signaling pathway regulating c-MYC-driven hepatocarcinogenesis. Targeting CENPM holds therapeutic potential for treating c-MYC-driven HCC.
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Project description:Activated mTORC2/AKT signaling plays a role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Research has shown that TSC/mTORC1 and FOXO1 are distinct downstream effectors of AKT signaling in liver regeneration and metabolism. However, the mechanisms by which these pathways mediate mTORC2/AKT activation in HCC are not yet fully understood. Amplification and activation of c-MYC is a key molecular event in HCC. In this study, we explored the roles of TSC/mTORC1 and FOXO1 as downstream effectors of mTORC2/AKT1 in c-MYC-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Using various genetic approaches in mice, we found that manipulating the FOXO pathway had minimal impact on c-MYC-induced HCC. In contrast, loss of mTORC2 inhibited c-MYC-induced HCC, an effect that was completely reversed by ablating TSC2, which activated mTORC1. Additionally, we discovered that p70/RPS6 and 4EBP1/eIF4E act downstream of mTORC1, regulating distinct molecular pathways. Notably, the 4EBP1/eIF4E cascade is crucial for cell proliferation and glycolysis in c-MYC-induced HCC. We also identified centromere protein M (CENPM) as a downstream target of the TSC2/mTORC1 pathway in c-MYC-driven hepatocarcinogenesis, and its ablation entirely inhibited c-MYC-dependent HCC formation. Our findings demonstrate that the TSC/mTORC1/CENPM pathway, rather than the FOXO cascade, is the primary signaling pathway regulating c-MYC-driven hepatocarcinogenesis. Targeting CENPM holds therapeutic potential for treating c-MYC-driven HCC.
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Project description:Although organ hypofunction and immunosuppression are life-threatening features of severe sepsis, the hypofunctioning organs and immune cells usually regain normal functionality if patients survive. We tested the hypothesis that low extracellular pH (pHe) can induce reversible metabolic and functional changes in tissue macrophages. When compared with macrophages cultured at normal pHe, macrophages living in an acidic medium used less glucose and exogenous fatty acid to produce ATP. Lactate, glutamine, and de novo synthesized fatty acids supported ATP production by mitochondria that gained greater mass, maximal oxygen consumption rate, and spare respiratory capacity. The cells transitioned to a M2-like state, with altered immune responses to LPS and slightly decreased phagocytic ability, yet they regained basal energy production, normal mitochondrial function and pro-inflammatory responsiveness when neutral pHe was restored. Low pHe induces changes that support macrophage survival while rendering the cells less pro-inflammatory (more ‘tolerant’) and less able to phagocytose bacteria. Macrophage responses to low interstitial pH may contribute to the reversible organ hypofunction and immunoparalysis noted in many patients with sepsis.
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Project description:Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that undergo extensive changes in morphology throughout their differentiation. Altered osteoclast differentiation and activity lead to changes in pathological bone resorption. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a kinase, and aberrant mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling is associated with altered bone homeostasis. The activation of mTORC1 is biphasically regulated during osteoclastogenesis; however, the mechanism behind mTORC1-mediated regulation of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption is incompletely understood. Here, we found that MYC coordinates the dynamic regulation of mTORC1 activation during osteoclastogenesis. MYC-deficiency blocked the early activation of mTORC1 and also reversed the decreased activity of mTORC1 at the late stage of osteoclastogenesis. The suppression of mTORC1 activity by rapamycin in mature osteoclasts enhances bone resorption activity despite the indispensable role of high mTORC1 activation in osteoclast formation in both mouse and human cells. Mechanistically, MYC induces Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein (GADD34) expression and suppresses mTORC1 activity at the late phase of osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, our findings identify a MYC-GADD34 axis as an upstream regulator of dynamic mTORC1 activation in osteoclastogenesis and highlight the interplay between MYC and mTORC1 pathways in determining osteoclast activity.
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Project description:Naïve T cells respond to antigen stimulation by exiting from quiescence into clonal expansion and functional differentiation, but the control mechanism is elusive. Here we describe that Raptor/mTORC1-dependent metabolic reprogramming is a central determinant of this transitional process. Loss of Raptor abrogates T cell priming and Th2 cell differentiation, although Raptor function is less important for continuous proliferation of actively cycling cells. mTORC1 coordinates multiple metabolic programs in T cells including glycolysis, lipid synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation to mediate antigen-triggered exit from quiescence. mTORC1 further links glucose metabolism to the initiation of Th2 differentiation by orchestrating cytokine receptor expression and cytokine responsiveness. Activation of Raptor/mTORC1 integrates T cell receptor (TCR) and CD28 co-stimulatory signals in antigen-stimulated T cells. Our studies identify a Raptor/mTORC1-dependent pathway linking signal-dependent metabolic reprogramming to quiescence exit, and this in turn coordinates lymphocyte activation and fate decisions in adaptive immunity. We used microarrays to explore the gene expression profiles differentially expressed in CD4+ T-cells from wild-type (WT) and CD4(cre) x Raptor(fl/fl) mice before and after stimulation with anti CD3/CD28 antibodies.
2014-01-27 | E-GEOD-51668 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Therapeutics blocking PI3K-mTORC1 are commonly used for tumor treatment, and at times achieve major responses, yet minimal residual disease (MRD) persists, leading to tumor relapse. We examined the MRD models established both in vitro (Rapamycin persistent, RP) and in vivo after mTORC1 inhibition. All RP/MRD cell lines showed complete growth and signaling insensitivity to rapamycin but variable sensitivity to bi-steric mTORC1 inhibitors. MTORS2035 mutations were identified in 4 of 7 RP cell lines. Multi-omic analysis identified a pronounced shift to oxidative phosphorylation and away from glycolysis in all RP/MRD models, with increased mitochondrial number and function. MYC and SWI/SNF expression were greatly enhanced. Both the SWI/SNF inhibitor AU-15330 and the Complex I inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation IACS-010759 showed pronounced synergy with bi-steric mTORC1 inhibitors to cause cuproptotic cell death in RP/MRD cells, suggesting these combinations as a potential patient treatment strategy for rapalog resistance.
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Project description:CD8 + T cells have critical roles in tumor control, but a range of factors in their microenvironment such as low pH can suppress their function. Here, we demonstrate that acidity restricts T-cell expansion mainly through impairing IL-2 responsiveness, lowers cytokine secretion upon re-activation, and reduces the cytolytic capacity of CD8 + T cells expressing low-affinity TCR. We further find decreased mTORC1 signaling activity and c-Myc levels at low pH. Mechanistically, nuclear/cytoplasmic acidification is linked to mTORC1 suppression in a Rheb-, Akt/TSC2/PRAS40-, GATOR1- and Lkb1/AMPK-independent manner, while c-Myc levels drop due to both decreased transcription and higher levels of proteasome-mediated degradation. In addition, lower intracellular levels of glutamine, glutamate, and aspartate, as well as elevated proline levels are observed with no apparent impact on mTORC1 signaling or c-Myc levels. Overall, we suggest that, due to the broad impact of acidity on CD8 + T cells, multiple interventions will be required to restore T-cell function unless intracellular pH is effectively controlled.
| S-EPMC11535206 | biostudies-literature