Project description:Venoms and the toxins they contain represent molecular adaptations that have evolved on numerous occasions throughout the animal kingdom. However, the processes that shape venom protein evolution are poorly understood because of the scarcity of whole genome data available for comparative analyses of venomous species. Here, we perform a broad comparative toxicogenomic analysis to gain insight into the genomic mechanisms of venom evolution in robber flies (Asilidae). We first sequenced a high-quality draft genome of the hymenopteran hunting robber fly Dasypogon diadema, and analysed its venom by a combined proteotranscriptomic approach, and compared our results to recently described robber fly venoms to assess the general composition and major components of asilid venom. We then applied a comparative genomics approach, based on one additional asilid genome, ten high-quality dipteran genomes, and two lepidopteran outgroup-genomes, to reveal the evolutionary mechanisms and origins of identified venom proteins in robber flies. While some venom proteins were identified in the non-asilid genomes, several of the identified highly expressed venom proteins appear to be unique to robber flies. Our results reveal that the venom of D. diadema likely evolves in a multimodal fashion comprising 1) neofunctionalization after gene duplication, 2) expression-dependent co-option of proteins and 3) asilid lineage-specific orphan genes with enigmatic origin. The role of such orphan genes is currently being disputed in evolutionary genomics, but has not yet discussed in the context of toxin evolution. Our results display an unexpected dynamic venom evolution in asilid insects, which contrasts the findings of the only other insect toxicogenomic evolutionary analysis, in parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera), were toxin evolution is dominated by single gene co-option.
Project description:We identified genes regulated by parasitization of the silkworm Bombyx mori by three tachinid parasitoid species, Exorista japonica, Drino inconspicuoides and Pales pavida, using oligonucleotide microarrays. The numbers of genes and their intensity of expression varied with the species of parasitoid, within silkworm hemocytes and fat body.
Project description:Accurate differentiation between closely related Haemophilus species is essential for clinical diagnosis. This study presents a high-resolution proteotyping workflow integrating whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS, nanoLC-MS/MS, and comparative genomics to distinguish H. influenzae and H. aegyptius. We identified 31 robust protein biomarkers validated by LC-MS/MS peptide mapping and comparative genomics, providing enhanced diagnostic resolution for closely related pathogens.
Project description:Annotation of small RNAs from 11 Drosophila species for the purpose of non-coding RNA annotation and comparative genomics assessment.
Project description:Animal saliva provides an excellent model for studying adaptive evolution, yet the functional significance of alternative mRNA isoforms in parasitoid salivary systems remains poorly understood. Here, using integrative full-length transcript sequencing and expression profiling, we generated an isoform-resolved transcriptomic landscape of salivary genes in the endoparasitoid wasp Pteromalus puparum. We identified 133 high-confidence salivary genes, more than 75% of which produced multiple transcript isoforms. Proteomic analyses confirmed that alternative splicing directly contributes to salivary protein diversity, with eight genes encoding distinct protein isoforms. Twelve salivary genes exhibited gland-biased isoform usage, including PpSerpin3, whose short isoform was specifically expressed in salivary and venom glands and suppressed host melanization. Comparative multi-omics analyses further revealed that salivary and venom systems share a conserved genetic core but achieve functional specialization through tissue-specific gene family co-option and extensive isoform switching. Together, these findings establish an isoform-resolved framework for the parasitoid salivary system and demonstrate that alternative splicing promotes salivary protein diversification and gland-specific functional evolution.