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A mechanically regulated liquid-liquid phase separation of the transcriptional regulator Tono instructs muscle development

ABSTRACT: A mechanically regulated liquid-liquid phase separation of the transcriptional regulator Tono instructs muscle development

PROVIDER: PRJNA1128179 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR29550802.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR29550803.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR29550804.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR29550805.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR29550806.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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A mechanically regulated liquid-liquid phase separation of the transcriptional regulator Tono instructs muscle development

Project description:Muscle morphogenesis is a multi-step program, starting with myoblast fusion, followed by myotube-tendon attachment and sarcomere assembly, with subsequent sarcomere maturation, mitochondrial amplification and specialisation. The correct chronological order of these steps requires precise control of the transcriptional regulators and their effectors. How this regulation is achieved during muscle development is not well understood. In a genome-wide RNAi screen inDrosophila, we identified the BTB-zinc finger protein Tono (CG32121) as a muscle-specific transcriptional regulator.tonomutant flight muscles display severe deficits in mitochondria and sarcomere maturation, resulting in uncontrolled contractile forces causing muscle atrophy during development. Tono protein is expressed during sarcomere maturation and localises in distinct condensates in flight muscle nuclei. Interestingly, internal pressure exerted by the maturing sarcomeres deforms the muscle nuclei into elongated shapes and changes the Tono condensates, suggesting that Tono senses the mechanical status of the muscle cells. Indeed, external mechanical pressure on the muscles triggers rapid liquid-liquid phase separation of Tono utilising its BTB domain. Thus, we propose that Tono senses high mechanical pressure to in turn adapt muscle transcription specifically at the sarcomere maturation stage. Consistently,tonomutant muscles display specific defects in a transcriptional switch that represses early muscle differentiation genes and boosts late ones. We hypothesise that a similar mechano-responsive regulation mechanism may control the activity of related BTB-zinc finger proteins that, if mutated, can result in uncontrolled force production in human muscle.

2024-06-30 | GSE270794 | GEO

Bacterial Heterochromatin Formation Through Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation

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HSD17B13 liquid-liquid phase separation activates autocrine platelet-activating factor signaling in NASH

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ATRX Condensates Formed by Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Regulate Neural Progenitor Cell Identity

Project description:ATRX Condensates Formed by Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Regulate Neural Progenitor Cell Identity

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HSD17B13 liquid-liquid phase separation activates autocrine platelet-activating factor signaling in NASH

Project description:Loss-of-function variants in 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) are associated with decreased inflammation in human chronic liver disease. The underlying mechanism by which HSD17B13 promotes liver inflammation remains largely elusive. Here we find that HSD17B13 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) around lipid droplets (LDs) in the liver of NASH patients. Dimerization of HSD17B13 drives LLPS formation and regulates its enzyme activity. HSD17B13 LLPS promotes leukocyte adhesion and fibrinogen expression in hepatocytes via activating autocrine platelet activating factor (PAF) signaling. Importantly, adeno-associated viral (AAV)-mediated xeno-expression of human HSD17B13 promotes liver inflammation in Hsd17b13-/- mice induced by high fat diet/carbon tetrachloride treatment. In conclusion, HSD17B13 LLPS triggers liver inflammation via promoting PAF-mediated leukocyte adhesion. Targeting HSD17B13 phase transition would be a promising approach to treat liver inflammation in chronic liver disease.

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ATRX Condensates Formed by Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Regulate Neural Progenitor Cell Identity (ChIP)

Project description:Alpha-thalassemia X-linked intellectual disability syndrome (ATR-X) is caused by mutations in the ATRX gene, which plays a pivotal role in heterochromatin integrity. In this study, we uncover a novel mechanism by which ATRX influences fate of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) through the formation of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS)-driven condensates. We discovered that the intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of ATRX is essential for driving LLPS, enabling ATRX to form dynamic condensates within the nucleus. The IDR region can autonomously form phase-separated droplets and recruit co-activators. In addition, formation of these condensates was crucial for the localization of ATRX at super-enhancers (SEs) in hNPCs, directly linking ATRX condensate dynamics to the regulation of gene expression critical for neural differentiation. Disruption of ATRX condensates leads to impaired neuronal differentiation, emphasizing the functional significance of ATRX in human neural development. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular function of ATRX beyond its established roles in chromatin structure, and suggest that LLPS is a key regulatory mechanism through which ATRX supports neurodevelopment. This study opens avenues for further exploration of how dysregulation of ATRX and its phase-separation ability may contribute to the pathogenesis of ATR-X syndrome and related neurodevelopmental disorders.

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ATRX Condensates Formed by Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Regulate Neural Progenitor Cell Identity (RNA)

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ATRX Condensates Formed by Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Regulate Neural Progenitor Cell Identity (ChIP)

Project description:ATRX Condensates Formed by Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Regulate Neural Progenitor Cell Identity (ChIP)

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ATRX Condensates Formed by Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Regulate Neural Progenitor Cell Identity (RNA)

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Homodimer-mediated phosphorylation of C/EBPα-p42 S16 modulates acute myeloid leukaemia differentiation through liquid-liquid phase separation [RNA-seq]

Project description:CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) regulates myeloid differentiation, and its dysregulation contributes to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) progress. Clarifying its functional implementation mechanism is of great significance for its further clinical application. Here, we show that C/EBPα regulates AML cell differentiation through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), which can be disrupted by C/EBPα-p30. Considering that C/EBPα-p30 inhibits the functions of C/EBPα through the LZ region, a small peptide TAT-LZ that could instantaneously interfere with the homodimerization of C/EBPα-p42 was constructed, and dynamic inhibition of C/EBPα phase separation was observed, demonstrating the importance of C/EBPα-p42 homodimers for its LLPS. Mechanistically, homodimerization of C/EBPα-p42 mediated its phosphorylation at the novel phosphorylation site S16, which promoted LLPS and subsequent AML cell differentiation. Finally, decreasing the endogenous C/EBPα-p30/C/EBPα-p42 ratio rescued the phase separation of C/EBPα in AML cells, which provided a new insight for the treatment of the AML.

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