Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1134222 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other | ||||
| SRR29767545_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR29767545_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR29767546_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR29767546_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:The genetic architecture of cell-type-specific cis-regulation [RNA-seq]
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Project description:Although gene expression divergence has long been postulated to be the primary driver of human evolution, identifying the genes and genetic variants underlying uniquely human traits has proven to be quite challenging. Theory suggests that cell type-specific cis-regulatory variants may fuel evolutionary adaptation due to the specificity of their effects. These variants can precisely tune the expression of a single gene in a single cell type, avoiding the potentially deleterious consequences of trans-acting changes and non-cell type-specific changes that can impact many genes and cell types, respectively. It has recently become possible to quantify human-specific cis-acting regulatory divergence by measuring allele-specific expression in human-chimpanzee hybrid cells—the product of fusing induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells of each species in vitro. However, these cis-regulatory changes have only been explored in a limited number of tissues and cell types. Here, we quantify human-chimpanzee cis-regulatory divergence in gene expression and chromatin accessibility across six cell types, enabling the identification of highly cell type-specific cis-regulatory changes. We find that cell type-specific genes and regulatory elements evolve faster than those shared across cell types. Furthermore, we identify several instances of lineage-specific natural selection that may have played key roles in specific cell types, such as coordinated changes in the cis-regulation of dozens of genes involved in neuronal firing in motor neurons. Finally, using novel metrics and a machine learning model, we identify genetic variants that likely alter chromatin accessibility and transcription factor binding, leading to neuron-specific changes in the expression of the neurodevelopmentally important genes FABP7 and GAD1. Overall, our results demonstrate that integrative analysis of cis-regulatory divergence in chromatin accessibility and gene expression across cell types is a promising approach to identify the specific genes and genetic variants that make us human.
2023-05-23 | GSE232947 | GEO
Project description:Although gene expression divergence has long been postulated to be the primary driver of human evolution, identifying the genes and genetic variants underlying uniquely human traits has proven to be quite challenging. Theory suggests that cell type-specific cis-regulatory variants may fuel evolutionary adaptation due to the specificity of their effects. These variants can precisely tune the expression of a single gene in a single cell type, avoiding the potentially deleterious consequences of trans-acting changes and non-cell type-specific changes that can impact many genes and cell types, respectively. It has recently become possible to quantify human-specific cis-acting regulatory divergence by measuring allele-specific expression in human-chimpanzee hybrid cells—the product of fusing induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells of each species in vitro. However, these cis-regulatory changes have only been explored in a limited number of tissues and cell types. Here, we quantify human-chimpanzee cis-regulatory divergence in gene expression and chromatin accessibility across six cell types, enabling the identification of highly cell type-specific cis-regulatory changes. We find that cell type-specific genes and regulatory elements evolve faster than those shared across cell types. Furthermore, we identify several instances of lineage-specific natural selection that may have played key roles in specific cell types, such as coordinated changes in the cis-regulation of dozens of genes involved in neuronal firing in motor neurons. Finally, using novel metrics and a machine learning model, we identify genetic variants that likely alter chromatin accessibility and transcription factor binding, leading to neuron-specific changes in the expression of the neurodevelopmentally important genes FABP7 and GAD1. Overall, our results demonstrate that integrative analysis of cis-regulatory divergence in chromatin accessibility and gene expression across cell types is a promising approach to identify the specific genes and genetic variants that make us human.
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Project description:Organization of the genome in 3D nuclear-space is known to play a crucial role in regulation of gene expression. However, the chromatin architecture that impinges on the B cell-fate choice of multi-potent progenitors remains unclear. By employing in situ Hi-C, we have identified distinct sets of genomic loci that undergo a developmental switch between permissive and repressive compartments during B-cell fate commitment. Intriguingly, we show that topologically associating domains (TADs) represent co-regulated subunits of chromatin and display considerable structural alterations as a result of changes in the cis-regulatory interaction landscape. The extensive rewiring of cis-regulatory interactions is closely associated with differential gene expression programs. Further, we demonstrate the regulatory role of Ebf1 and its downstream factor, Pax5, in chromatin reorganization and transcription regulation. Together, our studies reveal that alterations in promoter and cis-regulatory interactions underlie changes in higher-order chromatin architecture, which in turn determines cell-identity and cell-type specific gene expression patterns.
2017-08-08 | GSE85849 | GEO
Project description:Organization of the genome in 3D nuclear-space is known to play a crucial role in regulation of gene expression. However, the chromatin architecture that impinges on the B cell-fate choice of multi-potent progenitors remains unclear. By employing in situ Hi-C, we have identified distinct sets of genomic loci that undergo a developmental switch between permissive and repressive compartments during B-cell fate commitment. Intriguingly, we show that topologically associating domains (TADs) represent co-regulated subunits of chromatin and display considerable structural alterations as a result of changes in the cis-regulatory interaction landscape. The extensive rewiring of cis-regulatory interactions is closely associated with differential gene expression programs. Further, we demonstrate the regulatory role of Ebf1 and its downstream factor, Pax5, in chromatin reorganization and transcription regulation. Together, our studies reveal that alterations in promoter and cis-regulatory interactions underlie changes in higher-order chromatin architecture, which in turn determines cell-identity and cell-type specific gene expression patterns.
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Project description:A cis-regulatory lexicon of DNA motif combinations mediating cell type-specific gene regulation
| PRJNA778734 | ENA
Project description:This proof-of-concept study shows that single-cell RNA sequencing in ~25,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 45 donors allows for the identification of cell type-specific cis expression quantitative trait loci effects (cis-eQTLs). Moreover, the significant top-eQTL effects show consistent allelic direction (94%) with previously published whole blood deepSAGE data. These cell type-specific eQTLs may give us additional insight into the downstream consequences of genetic risk factors for immune-mediated diseases.
| EGAS00001002560 | EGA
Project description:Systematic characterization of how genetic variation modulates gene regulation in a cell type specific context is essential for understanding complex traits. To address this question, we profiled gene expression and chromatin state of cells from healthy retinae of 20 human donors with a single-cell multiomics approach, and performed genomic sequencing. sc-eQTLs, sc-caQTL, sc-ASCA and sc-ASE were mapped in major retinal cell types. By integrating these results, we identified and characterized regulatory elements and genetic variants effective on gene regulation in individual cell types. Most of the identified sc-eQTLs and sc-caQTLs exhibit cell type-specific effects. Interestingly, the cis-elements harboring genetic variants with cell type-specific effects tend to be accessible in multiple cell types. Lastly, we identified the enriched cell types, fine-mapped candidate causal variants and genes, and uncovered cell type-specific regulatory mechanism underlying GWAS loci.
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Project description:A cis-regulatory lexicon of DNA motif combinations mediating cell type-specific gene regulation [MPRA]
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Project description:The majority of common genetic risk variants associated with neuropsychiatric disease are non-coding and are thought to exert their effects by disrupting the function of cis regulatory elements (CREs), including promoters and enhancers. Within each cell, chromatin is arranged in specific patterns to expose the repertoire of CREs required for optimal spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression. To further our understanding of the complex mechanisms that modulate transcription in the brain, we utilized frozen postmortem samples to generate the largest human brain and cell type-specific open chromatin dataset to date. Using the Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin followed by sequencing (ATAC-seq), we created maps of chromatin accessibility in 2 cell types (neurons and non-neurons) across 14 distinct brain regions of 5 individuals. Chromatin structure varies markedly by cell type, with neuronal chromatin displaying higher regional variability than that of non-neurons. Among our findings is an open chromatin region (OCR) specific to neurons of the striatum. When placed in the mouse, a human sequence derived from this OCR recapitulates the cell-type and regional expression pattern predicted by our ATAC-seq experiments. Furthermore, differentially accessible chromatin overlaps with the genetic architecture of neuropsychiatric traits and identifies differences in molecular pathways and biological functions. By leveraging transcription factor binding analysis, we identify protein coding and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with cell-type and brain region specificity. Our data provides a valuable resource to the research community and we provide this human brain chromatin accessibility atlas as an online database “Brain Open Chromatin Atlas (BOCA)” to facilitate interpretation.
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