Covalent Binding of Thioredoxin to TXNIP is Required for Diet-induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance in the Liver
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1150621 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other | ||||
| SRR30334162_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR30334162_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR30334163_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR30334163_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Among vertebrate animals, mammals have retained a unique molecular change that allows an intracellular arrestin domain-containing protein to bind covalently to thioredoxin. This interaction of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP) with thioredoxin can only occur when thioredoxin is in the reduced state, allowing TXNIP to "sense" the cellular oxidized environment1. Here we show that a single cysteine in TXNIP mediates the development of hepatic insulin resistance in the setting of a high fat diet (HFD). Mice with exchange of TXNIP Cysteine 247 for Serine (C247S) showed improved whole-body and hepatic insulin sensitivities compared to wildtype (WT) controls following an 8-week HFD. The inhibition of the TXNIP-thioredoxin interaction under chow and HFD also regulated plasma and liver lipids and reduced free fatty acid accumulation in the livers following HFD. These data show that mammals have a single amino acid enabling interaction of redox state with TXNIP that mediates insulin resistance in the setting of a high-fat diet. This reveals a potential evolutionarily-conserved mechanism for hepatic insulin resistance in metabolic syndromes.
2025-06-25 | GSE275407 | GEO
Project description:Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is ubiquitously expressed in blood cells, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), monocytes, and platelets. Here we report a novel finding that TXNIP plays a crucial role in megakaryopoiesis and platelet biogenesis via interacting with GATA1, a transcription factor for megakaryocyte-erythroid differentiation. Txnip-/- mice displayed immature megakaryocytes in the bone marrow with thrombocytopenia, which had gotten worse as the mice aged. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the transcriptional activity of GATA1 was significantly enhanced in the Txnip-/- megakaryocyte precursors (MkPs) than wild type (WT) cells. During megakaryopoiesis in ex vivo, Txnip-/- MkPs remained small in cell size with less mitochondrial mass, and more glycolysis for ATP production, as opposed to the normal megakaryocyte maturation. The effects of TXNIP in megakaryocytes were recapitulated in human cord blood CD34+ HSC-derived differentiation. Taken together, this study demonstrates the importance of spatiotemporal expression of TXNIP in platelet biogenesis. We propose for the first time that TXNIP might play a critical role in determining a lineage between megakaryocytes and erythroid cells from a common megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor via regulation of transcriptional activity of GATA1.
2022-12-31 | GSE186400 | GEO
Project description:Background: Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) regulates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress, impairing glucose homeostasis in diabetes. However, it is unclear if TXNIP deficiency can improve differentiation or functionality of human stem cell-derived somatic metabolic cells. Methods: Using CRISPR-Cas12a genome editing, we generated TXNIP-deficient (TXNIP-/-) H1 human embryonic stem cells (H1-hESCs). These cells were differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) and stem-cell-derived insulin-producing islets (SC-islets). TXNIP-/- and TXNIP+/+ SC-islet maturation and functionality was assessed by implantation under the kidney capsule of NOD-SCID mice. Results: TXNIP deficiency significantly increased H1-hESC proliferation without affecting pluripotency, viability, or differentiation potential into HLCs and SC-islets. Bulk RNA-sequencing of thapsigargin-treated TXNIP-/- and TXNIP+/+ hESCs revealed differential expression of stress-responsive genes, with enriched apoptosis-related pathways in TXNIP+/+ cells but minimal transcriptional changes specific to TXNIP deficiency. In HLCs, TXNIP deletion reduced albumin secretion and insulin signalling, as indicated by decreased AKT phosphorylation, while showing no differences in glycolytic activity or lipid metabolism markers. Under thapsigargin-induced ER stress, TXNIP-/- HLCs exhibited transiently reduced eIF2α phosphorylation and lower BiP expression, suggesting compromised adaptive responses to prolonged stress. SC-islets derived from TXNIP-/- hESCs showed comparable viability, endocrine cell composition, and cytokine responses to TXNIP+/+ islets. Upon IFNα and IFNγ treatment, STAT1 phosphorylation was increased in TXNIP-/- SC-islets, indicating that IFN signalling remains active despite TXNIP deficiency. TXNIP-/- or TXNIP+/+ islets SC-islets implanted into NOD-SCID mice produced human C-peptide and responded to glucose stimulation. However, TXNIP-/- SC-islets showed no enhancement in glycaemic control or glucose-stimulated insulin secretion compared to controls. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that TXNIP deficiency does not improve the differentiation of HLCs and SC-islets. We report the generation and characterization of TXNIP-/- and TXNIP+/+ H1-hESCs, HLCs and SC-islets as robust models for future studies of TXNIP’s role in metabolic cell biology.
2025-05-14 | GSE284753 | GEO
Project description:Chemotherapy, the standard of care treatment for cancer patients with advanced disease, has been increasingly recognised to activate host immune responses to produce durable outcomes. Here, in colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) we identify oxaliplatin-induced Thioredoxin Interacting Protein (TXNIP), a MondoA-dependent tumor suppressor gene, as a negative regulator of Growth/Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15). GDF15 is a negative prognostic factor in CRC and promotes the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which inhibit CD8 T cell activation. Intriguingly, multiple models including patient-derived tumor organoids demonstrate that the loss of TXNIP and GDF15 responsiveness to oxaliplatin is associated with advanced disease or chemotherapeutic resistance, with transcriptomic or proteomic GDF15/TXNIP ratios showing potential as a prognostic biomarker. These findings illustrate a potentially common pathway where chemotherapy-induced epithelial oxidative stress drives local immune remodelling for patient benefit, with disruption of this pathway seen in refractory or advanced cases.
2024-08-12 | PXD051666 | Pride
Project description:Expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) during megakaryopoiesis is indispensable for platelet biogenesis
| PRJNA773739 | ENA
Project description:Mammals adaptively regulate energy metabolism in response to environmental changes such as starvation and cold circumstances. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip), known as a redox regulator, serves as a nutrient sensor regulating energy homeostasis. Txnip is essential for mice to adapt to starvation, but its role in adapting to cold circumstances remains unclear. Here, we identified Txnip as a pivotal factor for maintaining non-shivering thermogenesis in mice. Txnip protein levels in brown adipose tissue (BAT) were upregulated by the acute cold exposure. Txnip-deficient (Txnip-/-) mice acclimated to thermoneutrality (30°C) exhibited significant BAT enlargement and triglyceride accumulation with downregulation of BAT signature and metabolic gene expression. Upon acute cold exposure (5°C), Txnip-/- mice showed a rapid decline in BAT surface temperatures with the failure of increasing metabolic respiration, developing lethal hypothermia. The BAT dysfunction and cold susceptibility in Txnip-/- mice were corrected by acclimation to 16°C, protecting the mice from life-threatening hypothermia. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis using dissected BAT revealed that despite preserving glycolysis, the BAT of Txnip-/- mice failed to activate the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids and fatty acids in response to acute cold stress. These findings illustrate that Txnip is required for maintaining basal BAT function and ensuring cold-induced thermogenesis.
2025-01-01 | GSE251653 | GEO
Project description:Mammals adaptively regulate energy metabolism in response to environmental changes such as starvation and cold circumstances. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip), known as a redox regulator, serves as a nutrient sensor regulating energy homeostasis. Txnip is essential for mice to adapt to starvation, but its role in adapting to cold circumstances remains unclear. Here, we identified Txnip as a pivotal factor for maintaining non-shivering thermogenesis in mice. Txnip protein levels in brown adipose tissue (BAT) were upregulated by the acute cold exposure. Txnip-deficient (Txnip-/-) mice acclimated to thermoneutrality (30°C) exhibited significant BAT enlargement and triglyceride accumulation with downregulation of BAT signature and metabolic gene expression. Upon acute cold exposure (5°C), Txnip-/- mice showed a rapid decline in BAT surface temperatures with the failure of increasing metabolic respiration, developing lethal hypothermia. The BAT dysfunction and cold susceptibility in Txnip-/- mice were corrected by acclimation to 16°C, protecting the mice from life-threatening hypothermia. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis using dissected BAT revealed that despite preserving glycolysis, the BAT of Txnip-/- mice failed to activate the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids and fatty acids in response to acute cold stress. These findings illustrate that Txnip is required for maintaining basal BAT function and ensuring cold-induced thermogenesis.
2025-01-01 | GSE251656 | GEO
Project description:To investigate how TBP-2/Txnip regulates insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle, we performed microarray analyses. The gene expression in the skeletal muscle from WT, TBP-2-/-, ob/ob, ob/ob TBP-2-/- at 10 weeks age were performed.
2010-10-22 | E-GEOD-24851 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:To investigate how TBP-2/Txnip regulates insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle, we performed microarray analyses.
2010-10-22 | GSE24851 | GEO