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Amino acid changes in two viral proteins drive attenuation of the yellow fever 17D vaccine

ABSTRACT: Amino acid changes in two viral proteins drive attenuation of the yellow fever 17D vaccine

PROVIDER: PRJNA1151729 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR30346932.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR30346933.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR30346934.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR30346935.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR30346936.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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The molecular basis for the attenuation of the yellow fever 17D vaccine [SHAPEmap]

Project description:Yellow fever virus, a prototypical member of the Flaviviridae family, is a small single-stranded, positive sense enveloped RNA virus causing viscerotropic, frequently fatal disease. Serial passaging of the virulent YFV Asibi strain in the 1930s yielded the YFV17D strain which remains one of the most effective vaccines ever developed. Remarkably, YFV17D and the virulent parental genome differ only by 68 nucleotides leading to 32 amino acid changes. However, it remains largely unknown which of these sequence differences are responsible for attenuation. Here, we demonstrate that while synonymous mutations are highly conserved across pathogenic YFVs they do not contribute to the characteristic host responses elicited by 17D or virulent viruses. Using a highly modular combinatorial genetic approach we identified key genetic elements in the YFV envelope and non-structural 2A (NS2A) proteins that govern the virus’ ability to spread and suppress host responses.. Introducing these mutations into infectious clones of other YFV genomes results in viral attenuation in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results define the genetic basis for YFV17D attenuation and highlight a general approach for creating live-attenuated vaccines for other pathogenic viruses.

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The molecular basis for the attenuation of the yellow fever 17D vaccine [chimerasYFVs_RNAseq]

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Project description:The molecular basis for the attenuation of the yellow fever 17D vaccine [wtYFV_RNAseq]

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The molecular basis for the attenuation of the yellow fever 17D vaccine [SHAPEmap]

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Immune response to the yellow fever vaccine 17D.

Project description:Correlates of immune mediated protection to most viral and cancer vaccines are still unknown. This impedes the development of novel vaccines to incurable diseases such as HIV and cancer. In this study, we have used functional genomics and polychromatic flow cytometry to define the signature of the immune response to the yellow fever (YF) vaccine 17D (YF17D) in a cohort of forty volunteers followed for up to one year after vaccination. We show that immunization with YF17D leads to an integrated immune response that includes several effector arms of innate immunity including complement, the inflammasome and interferons, as well as adaptive immunity as shown by an early T cell response followed by a brisk and variable B cell response. Development of these responses is preceded, as demonstrated in three independent vaccination trials and in a novel in vitro system of primary immune responses (Modular IMmune In vitro Construct (MIMIC) system), by the coordinated up-regulation of transcripts for specific transcription factors including STAT1, IRF7 and ETS2 that are upstream of the different effector arms of the immune response. These results clearly show that the immune response to a strong vaccine is preceded by coordinated induction of masters transcription factors, that lead to the development of a broad, polyfunctional and persistent immune response that integrates all effector cells of the immune system.

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Mitochondrial Hyperactivity and Reactive Oxygen Species Drive Innate Immunity to the Yellow Fever Virus-17D Live-Attenuated Vaccine

Project description:The yellow fever virus 17D (YFV-17D) live attenuated vaccine is considered one of the successful vaccines ever generated associated with high antiviral immunity, yet the signaling mechanisms that drive the response in infected cells are not understood. Here, we provide a molecular understanding of how metabolic stress and innate immune responses are linked to drive type I IFN expression in response to YFV-17D infection. Comparison of YFV-17D replication with its parental virus, YFV-Asibi, and a related dengue virus revealed that IFN expression requires RIG-I-like Receptor signaling through MAVS, as expected. However, YFV-17D uniquely induces mitochondrial respiration and major metabolic perturbations, including hyperactivation of electron transport to fuel ATP synthase. Mitochondrial hyperactivity generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) including peroxynitrite, blocking of which abrogated MAVS oligomerization and IFN expression in non-immune cells without reducing YFV-17D replication. Scavenging ROS in YFV-17D-infected human dendritic cells increased cell viability yet globally prevented expression of IFN signaling pathways. Thus, adaptation of YFV-17D for high growth imparts mitochondrial hyperactivity to meet energy demands, resulting in generation of ROS as the critical messengers that convert a blunted IFN response into maximal activation of innate immunity essential for vaccine effectiveness.

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