Project description:Background: Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A are the agents of enteric (typhoid) fever; both can establish chronic carriage in the gallbladder. Chronic Salmonella carriers are typically asymptomatic, intermittently shedding bacteria in the feces, and contributing to disease transmission. Detecting chronic carriers is of public health relevance in areas where enteric fever is endemic, but there are no routinely used methods for prospectively identifying those carrying Salmonella in their gallbladder. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we aimed to identify biomarkers of Salmonella carriage using metabolite profiling. We performed metabolite profiling on plasma from Nepali patients undergoing cholecystectomy with confirmed S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi A gallbladder carriage (and non-carriage controls) using two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS) and supervised pattern recognition modeling. We were able to significantly discriminate Salmonella carriage samples from non-carriage control samples. We were also able to detect differential signatures between S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A carriers. We additionally compared carriage metabolite profiles with profiles generated during acute infection; these data revealed substantial heterogeneity between metabolites associated with acute enteric fever and chronic carriage. Lastly, we found that Salmonella carriers could be significantly distinguished from non-carriage controls using only five metabolites, indicating the potential of these metabolites as diagnostic markers for detecting chronic Salmonella carriers. Conclusions/Significance: Our novel approach has highlighted the potential of using metabolomics to search for diagnostic markers of chronic Salmonella carriage. We suggest further epidemiological investigations of these potential biomarkers in alternative endemic enteric fever settings.
Project description:Gene expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was investigated by microarray analysis after 4 h infection with S. aureus isolated from healthy nasal carriers (n=5) and from blood (n=5) of septic patients. All bacterial isolates were spa-typed and characterized with a DNA microarray to determine the presence of virulence genes. Experiment Overall Design: Five S. aureus (designated BI-BV) from a collection of blood culture isolates (Department of Clinical Microbiology, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden) from septic patients were selected. Isolates from patients with diabetes, endocarditis, drug addicts and persons with an operation within the three last years were excluded. Two S. aureus isolates were from patients with an abscess in the psoas muscle, two from patients with spondylitis and one from a wound in the neck. Another five isolates (CI-CV) were randomly selected from a collection of S. aureus obtained from healthy male nasal carriers collected in a previous study.
Project description:Type 1 diabetes (T1D) usually has a preclinical phase identified by the presence of circulating autoantibodies to pancreatic islet antigens, and most young children who have multiple autoantibodies progress to diabetes within 10 years. While autoantibodies denote underlying islet autoimmunity, how this process is initiated and then progresses to clinical diabetes on a background of genetic susceptibility is not clearly understood. We analysed gene expression by RNA-seq in four types of immune cells from five genetically at-risk children with islet autoantibodies who progressed to diabetes in ≤ 3 years (‘progressors’) and in five at-risk children matched for sex, age and HLA who had not progressed to diabetes (‘non-progressors’).
2022-03-09 | GSE185190 | GEO
Project description:Gut microbiota patterns associated with duration of diarrhea in children under five years of age in Ethiopia
Project description:This cohort is part of the preventive EDDY program, which implemented a dual intervention of nutritional education and physical activity over two years in School-aged children from Vienna, Austria, aiming to promote healthy lifestyles. Using a non-invasive eccrine sweat collection, 134 metabolomes were obtained from 54 children, of which 20% had overweight.
