Project description:In pluripotential reprogramming, a pluripotent state is established within somatic cells. In this study, we have generated induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from bi-maternal (uniparental) parthenogenetic neural stem cells (pNSCs) by transduction with four (Oct4, Klf4, Sox2, and c-Myc) or two (Oct4 and Klf4) transcription factors. The parthenogenetic iPS (piPS) cells directly reprogrammed from pNSCs were able to generate germline-competent himeras, and hierarchical clustering analysis showed that piPS cells were clustered more closer to parthenogenetic ES cells than normal female ES cells. Interestingly, piPS cells showed loss of parthenogenetic-specific imprinting patterns of donor cells. Microarray data also showed that the maternally imprinted genes, which were not expressed in pNSCs, were upregulated in piPS cells, indicating that pluripotential reprogramming lead to induce loss of imprinting as well as re-establishment of various features of pluripotent cells in parthenogenetic somatic cells. 5 samples were analyzed by microarray, each one them in duplicate. fNSC: Mouse female NSC (Neural Stem Cell) pNSC: Mouse parthenogenetic NSC (Neural Stem Cell) piPS-2F: Mouse parthenogenetic induced pluripotent cells derived from NSC overexpressing Oct4 and Klf4 pESC-B: Mouse parthenogenetic ESC (Embryonic Stem Cell) SSEA-1 sorted fESC: Mouse female ESC (Embryonic Stem Cell) OG2
Project description:In pluripotential reprogramming, a pluripotent state is established within somatic cells. In this study, we have generated induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from bi-maternal (uniparental) parthenogenetic neural stem cells (pNSCs) by transduction with four (Oct4, Klf4, Sox2, and c-Myc) or two (Oct4 and Klf4) transcription factors. The parthenogenetic iPS (piPS) cells directly reprogrammed from pNSCs were able to generate germline-competent himeras, and hierarchical clustering analysis showed that piPS cells were clustered more closer to parthenogenetic ES cells than normal female ES cells. Interestingly, piPS cells showed loss of parthenogenetic-specific imprinting patterns of donor cells. Microarray data also showed that the maternally imprinted genes, which were not expressed in pNSCs, were upregulated in piPS cells, indicating that pluripotential reprogramming lead to induce loss of imprinting as well as re-establishment of various features of pluripotent cells in parthenogenetic somatic cells.
Project description:Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells give rise to neural stem cells, which are applicable for therapeutic transplantation in treatment of neural diseases. However, generation of neural stem cells from iPS cells requires a careful selection of safe iPS clones. We sought to determine whether direct induction of neural stem cells from partially reprogrammed somatic cells is able to generate safer cells rapidly. We have successfully established direct induction system from fibroblast to neural stem cells. To characterize these directly induced neural stem cells, Gene expression profiles were compared with iPS cell or ES cell-derived neurosphere. We used affymetrix microarrays to compare the global gene expression of neurospheres prepared several method.
Project description:Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells give rise to neural stem cells, which are applicable for therapeutic transplantation in treatment of neural diseases. However, generation of neural stem cells from iPS cells requires a careful selection of safe iPS clones. We sought to determine whether direct induction of neural stem cells from partially reprogrammed somatic cells is able to generate safer cells rapidly. We have successfully established direct induction system from fibroblast to neural stem cells. To characterize these directly induced neural stem cells, Gene expression profiles were compared with iPS cell or ES cell-derived neurosphere. We used affymetrix microarrays to compare the global gene expression of neurospheres prepared several method. RNA extracted from neurospheres was hybridized to Affymetrix microarrays. The mouse strain used in this study except ES/iPS cells was C57BL/6.
Project description:Investigation of whole genome gene expression level changes in neural progenitor cells derived from iPS cells generated from umbilical cord mesenchymal cells, compared to neural progenitor cells derived from iPS cells generated fromskin fibroblasts. Analyze the difference between neural progenitor cells derived from iPS cells generated from different origins. The method to induce reprogramming of somatic cells and human iPS cells for neural differentiation is described in Cai J, Li W, Su H, Qin D, Yang J, et al. (2010) Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from umbilical cord matrix and amniotic membrane mesenchymal cells. J Biol Chem 285: 11227-11234. and Kim DS, Lee JS, Leem JW, Huh YJ, Kim JY, et al. (2010) Robust enhancement of neural differentiation from human ES and iPS cells regardless of their innate difference in differentiation propensity. Stem Cell Rev 6: 270-281.
Project description:Investigation of whole genome gene expression level changes in neural progenitor cells derived from iPS cells generated from umbilical cord mesenchymal cells, compared to neural progenitor cells derived from iPS cells generated fromskin fibroblasts. Analyze the difference between neural progenitor cells derived from iPS cells generated from different origins. The method to induce reprogramming of somatic cells and human iPS cells for neural differentiation is described in Cai J, Li W, Su H, Qin D, Yang J, et al. (2010) Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from umbilical cord matrix and amniotic membrane mesenchymal cells. J Biol Chem 285: 11227-11234. and Kim DS, Lee JS, Leem JW, Huh YJ, Kim JY, et al. (2010) Robust enhancement of neural differentiation from human ES and iPS cells regardless of their innate difference in differentiation propensity. Stem Cell Rev 6: 270-281. A two-chip study using total RNA recovered from one neural progenitor cell line derived from iPS cells generated from skin fibroblasts (GZF1C7NSCP3) and one neural progenitor cell line derived from iPS cells generated from umbilical cord mesenchymal cells (VMC2C7NSCP3). No replicates were made. Each chip measures the expression level of 45,033 genes from the two samples with fourteen 60-mer probe pairs (PM/MM) per gene, with three-fold technical redundancy.
Project description:Introgressed variants from other species can be an important source of genetic variation because they may arise rapidly, can include multiple mutations on a single haplotype, and have often been pretested by selection in the species of origin. Although introgressed alleles are generally deleterious, several studies have reported introgression as the source of adaptive alleles-including the rodenticide-resistant variant of Vkorc1 that introgressed from Mus spretus into European populations of Mus musculus domesticus. Here, we conducted bidirectional genome scans to characterize introgressed regions into one wild population of M. spretus from Spain and three wild populations of M. m. domesticus from France, Germany, and Iran. Despite the fact that these species show considerable intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation, introgression was observed in all individuals, including in the M. musculus reference genome (GRCm38). Mus spretus individuals had a greater proportion of introgression compared with M. m. domesticus, and within M. m. domesticus, the proportion of introgression decreased with geographic distance from the area of sympatry. Introgression was observed on all autosomes for both species, but not on the X-chromosome in M. m. domesticus, consistent with known X-linked hybrid sterility and inviability genes that have been mapped to the M. spretus X-chromosome. Tract lengths were generally short with a few outliers of up to 2.7 Mb. Interestingly, the longest introgressed tracts were in olfactory receptor regions, and introgressed tracts were significantly enriched for olfactory receptor genes in both species, suggesting that introgression may be a source of functional novelty even between species with high barriers to gene flow.