Project description:We have previously demonstrated that the gut microbiota can play a role in the pathogenesis of conditions associated with exposure to environmental pollutants. It is well accepted that diets high in fermentable fibers such as inulin can beneficially modulate the gut microbiota and lessen the severity of pro-inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we aimed to test the hypothesis that hyperlipidemic mice fed a diet enriched with inulin would be protected from the pro-inflammatory toxic effects of PCB 126.
Project description:We profiled transcriptome and chromatin landscapes in jejunal mouse intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) from mice reared in the absence (Germ Free or GF) or presence (Conventionalized or CV) of microbiota. We show that microbiota colonization results in changes in histone modifications at hundreds of enhancers that are associated with microbiota-regulated genes. Furthermore, we show that microbiota colonization is associated with a drastic genome-wide reduction in Hnf4a and Hnf4g binding.
Project description:The microbial populations associated with the lamina propria phagocyte population in CD and UC patients was examined. Specifically, the differences between phagocyte-associated microbiota (PAM) and mucosa-associated microbiota were determined.
Project description:The human intestinal microbiota associated with rats produces in vivo a soluble(s) factor(s) that down-regulates the expression of genes encoding for the Shiga toxin II in E. coli O157:H7. The Shiga toxin II is one of the major virulence factors of E. coli enterohemorragic leading to the deadly hemolitic and uremic syndrome. Investigation of the effect of the human intestinal microbiota on the whole transcriptome of EHEC O157:H7 is of major importance to increase our understanding of the pathogen transcriptomic adaptation in response to the human microbiota. We analysed by microarray hybridization the gene expression pattern of EHEC O157:H7 grown in the caecal content of germ-free rats or rats associated with the human microbiota of a healthy human subject. By doing so, we increased our understanding of the regulatory activities of the human gut microbiota on E. coli O157:H7 A first group of twelve weeks old, male, germfree rats was colonized with the human fecal microbiota and a second group was kept germfree and condidered as a controle group. Rats were fed for two weeks with a sterile human type diet, and were sacrificed. E. coli O157:H7 was cultivated for 6 hours in the caecal content of germfree rats and rats associated with the human intestinal microbiota. RNAs were extracted and cDNAs were synthesized, fragmented and biotinylated before being hybridized on Affymetrix E. coli genome 2.0 arrays. The effect of the human intestinal microbiota was investigated by comparing the gene expression level in the caecal content of rats associated with the human microbiota with their expression level in the caecal content of the germfree rats.
Project description:The interplay between the commensal microbiota and the mammalian immune system may influence the outcomes of T cell‐driven cancer immunotherapies. However, clinical studies supporting microbiota‐based interventions in chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy remain scarce. This study included 30 adult patients with B‐cell lymphoma treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi‐cel) or 4‐1BB investigational product. Shotgun metagenomics sequencing (SMS) of fecal samples, collected before lymphodepletion and 1 month post infusion, enabled species‐level resolution. We also trained 25 microbiome‐based machine‐learning (ML) models for response prediction. Neither prior “high‐risk” antibiotics exposure nor alpha diversity influenced toxicity, response, or survival. However, dysbiosis was observed between 11 healthy controls and patients, particularly in those treated with axi‐cel. SMS identified species associated with clinical outcomes. Increased abundance of Alistipes senegalensis and Alistipes onderdonkii correlated with lower neurotoxicity and improved survival, respectively. Bifidobacterium longum was associated with reduced cytokine release syndrome, whereas Bifidobacterium adolescentis , Bifidobacterium bifidum , and Bifidobacterium breve correlated with poorer survival. ML models demonstrated strong predictive performance, with some identifying non‐responders using only six species selected by the Boruta method ( Bacteroides xylanisolvens , Bifidobacterium bifidum , Bifidobacterium breve , Eubacteriaceae bacterium Marseille‐Q4139, Negativibacillus massiliensis, and Sellimonas intestinalis). These findings deepen current knowledge and support prospective microbiota‐based strategies in CAR‐T therapy.